In the present work, semiconducting cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been used for the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. Two-step technique has been used to formulate stable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based CdS nanofluids at room temperature. Thermal conductivities of nanofluids at different temperatures have been measured using Hot Disc Thermal Constants Analyzer. Significant enhancement in thermal conductivity is noted at very low nanoparticle loading. Ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation in the prepared nanofluids have been investigated using ultrasonic interferometer and Acoustic Particle Sizer (APS-100), respectively. APS-100 has been also used for the analysis of particle size distribution (PSD) of CdS nanoparticles in the prepared nanofluids. The PSD result of APS-100 is in good agreement with that of HRTEM. The characteristic behavior of CdS nanofluid is illustrated on the basis of its ultrasonic and thermal properties. The thermal conductivity enhancement increases with the temperature and reaches up to 61.6% for 1.0 wt% particle loadings at 80 °C. Our analysis shows that CdS nanofluids have potential application for effective heat transfer management in various cooling industries.

中文翻译：

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通过将 CdS 纳米颗粒掺入 PVA 纳米流体来增强热导率和超声性能

在目前的工作中，半导体硫化镉 (CdS) 纳米粒子已通过共沉淀法合成。X 射线衍射 (XRD)、紫外-可见 (UV/Vis) 吸收光谱和高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 已用于表征合成的纳米颗粒。两步法已被用于在室温下配制稳定的基于聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 的 CdS 纳米流体。使用热盘热常数分析仪测量了不同温度下纳米流体的热导率。在非常低的纳米颗粒负载下注意到热导率的显着增强。分别使用超声干涉仪和声学粒度仪 (APS-100) 研究了制备的纳米流体中的超声速度和超声衰减。APS-100 还用于分析制备的纳米流体中 CdS 纳米粒子的粒度分布 (PSD)。APS-100 的 PSD 结果与 HRTEM 的结果非常一致。CdS 纳米流体的特征行为是根据其超声波和热特性来说明的。导热系数随着温度的升高而增加，并且在 80°C 下，对于 1.0 wt% 的颗粒负载，导热系数可达到 61.6%。我们的分析表明，CdS 纳米流体在各种冷却行业的有效传热管理方面具有潜在应用。CdS 纳米流体的特征行为是根据其超声波和热特性来说明的。导热系数随着温度的升高而增加，并且在 80°C 下，对于 1.0 wt% 的颗粒负载，导热系数可达到 61.6%。我们的分析表明，CdS 纳米流体在各种冷却行业的有效传热管理方面具有潜在应用。CdS 纳米流体的特征行为是根据其超声波和热特性来说明的。导热系数随着温度的升高而增加，并且在 80°C 下，对于 1.0 wt% 的颗粒负载，导热系数可达到 61.6%。我们的分析表明，CdS 纳米流体在各种冷却行业的有效传热管理方面具有潜在应用。