Compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) can be considered a novel and potential large-scale energy storage technology in the future. However, currently, the research on CAESA is relatively scarce and no actual engineering practices have yet been performed due to a lack of detailed theoretical and technical support. This article provides a summary and analysis of the current research about the key problems in CAESA. The theoretical foundation and evaluation methods are first addressed, and then the aquifer selection criteria are proposed by analyzing the impact of the main geological factors on the performance. Subsequently, the optimal design of wellbore and the operation parameters are discussed, and different possible enhanced methods are proposed for extending the application of CAESA. Finally, conclusions are made and application outlook is addressed.

中文翻译：

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含水层压缩空气储能：基本原理、重要因素和改进方法

含水层压缩空气储能（CAESA）可以被认为是未来一种新型且有潜力的大规模储能技术。然而，目前CAESA的研究相对较少，由于缺乏详细的理论和技术支持，还没有进行实际的工程实践。本文对目前CAESA中关键问题的研究进行了总结和分析。首先阐述了理论基础和评价方法，然后通过分析主要地质因素对性能的影响，提出了含水层选择标准。随后，讨论了井筒的优化设计和操作参数，并提出了不同的可能的增强方法，以扩展 CAESA 的应用。最后，