Coinfection of Leishmania with bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and nematodes alter the immune system of the host, thereby influencing the disease outcomes. Here, we have determined the immunogenic property and protective efficacy of the cross-reactive molecule HSP60 of filarial parasite B. malayi against the L. donovani in BALB/c mice. Parasitological parameters results showed a significant decrease in the parasite burden (~59%; P < 0.001) and also a substantial increase in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response (P < 0.001) in mice immunized with 10 μg of rBmHSP60. Protection against L. donovani in mice immunized with rBmHSP60 resulted from activation of the T cells, which is characterized by higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) production, enhanced cell proliferation, higher levels (expression and release) of IFN- γ, TNF- α, and IL-12, also, higher production of IgG and IgG2a antibodies. This strong Th1 immune response creates an inflammatory domain for L. donovani and protects the host from VL.

共感染利什曼原虫与细菌，病毒，原生动物，线虫和改变宿主的免疫系统，从而影响疾病的结果。在这里，我们已经确定了马来丝虫寄生虫的交叉反应分子 HSP60对BALB/c 小鼠中的杜氏疟原虫的免疫原性和保护功效。寄生虫学参数结果显示，在用 10 μg rBmHSP60 免疫的小鼠中，寄生虫负荷显着降低（~59%；P < 0.001），并且延迟型超敏反应（DTH）反应（P < 0.001）也显着增加。对L 的保护。多诺瓦尼在用 rBmHSP60 免疫的小鼠中，T 细胞的激活引起了 T 细胞的激活，其特征是一氧化氮 (NO) 的产生水平更高，细胞增殖增强，IFN-γ、TNF-α 和 IL- 的水平更高（表达和释放） 12，还有更高的 IgG 和 IgG2a 抗体产量。这种强大的 Th1 免疫反应为杜氏乳杆菌创造了一个炎症域，并保护宿主免受 VL 的侵害。