The cavity shape formed by the impinging of the supersonic oxygen jet on liquid metal surface is of importance to the converter steelmaking process. This work adopts the volume of fluid (VOF) model to numerically study the behavior of four-nozzle supersonic jet impinging on molten steel bath in a 100 ton converter. First, the model is validated by comparing the jet velocity with that obtained from the literature. After validation, the dynamic interaction between supersonic jet and molten bath is studied. Moreover, the effects of lance height and operating pressure on the impact cavity depth and diameter are investigated. Compared with operating pressure, lance height shows a larger influence on altering the cavity dimensions. To quantitatively describe the profile of the scattered cavities, a dimensionless number called the modified cavity shape index (I _cm) is put forward, which has a significant influence on the velocity distribution and specific kinetic energy of molten bath. The modified cavity shape index is found to be a function of the specific kinetic energy. With the modified cavity shape index ranging from 1.47 to 1.72, the dynamic flow of the molten bath becomes beneficial to the stirring and mixing of the molten bath.

中文翻译：

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超音速氧气射流冲击腔形状对转炉熔池动态特性的影响

由超音速氧气射流撞击液态金属表面形成的腔体形状对转炉炼钢过程具有重要意义。本工作采用流体体积（VOF）模型数值研究了四喷嘴超音速射流撞击百吨转炉钢水的行为。首先，通过将射流速度与从文献中获得的速度进行比较来验证模型。经验证，研究了超声速射流与熔池的动态相互作用。此外，还研究了喷枪高度和操作压力对冲击腔深度和直径的影响。与操作压力相比，喷枪高度对改变型腔尺寸的影响更大。为了定量描述散射腔的轮廓，I _cm ) 的提出，对熔池的速度分布和比动能有显着影响。发现修改后的腔体形状指数是比动能的函数。修改后的腔体形状指数在1.47~1.72之间，熔池的动态流动有利于熔池的​​搅拌和混合。