Deuterium (D) plasma-driven permeation (PDP) experiments for vanadium (V), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) membranes are performed between 573–873 K in the linear plasma facility PREFACE. The sample temperature, membrane thickness and ion incident energy effects on D permeation behavior through these three metals are studied. PDP fluxes of D through Ta and Nb decrease with decreasing sample temperature, except for the 0.05 mm thick Nb case. Moreover, a break point around 750 K can be observed on the flux-temperature curves for all V samples. The D PDP flux through Nb decreases as the thickness increases. For Ta and V samples, however, the permeation fluxes do not change significantly when their thicknesses are thinner than 0.1 mm. A drop in D permeation fluxes for the three materials is observed when increasing the ion incident energy. The surface morphology is checked by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Only the V membranes exposed to D plasma show surface exfoliation.

中文翻译：

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氘等离子体驱动的钒、铌和钽膜渗透

钒 (V)、铌 (Nb) 和钽 (Ta) 膜的氘 (D) 等离子体驱动渗透 (PDP) 实验在线性等离子体设施 PREFACE 中在 573–873 K 之间进行。研究了样品温度、膜厚度和离子入射能量对 D 通过这三种金属的渗透行为的影响。D 通过 Ta 和 Nb 的 PDP 通量随着样品温度的降低而降低，除了 0.05 mm 厚的 Nb 外壳。此外，在所有 V 样品的通量-温度曲线上都可以观察到 750 K 附近的断点。通过 Nb 的 D PDP 通量随着厚度的增加而减少。然而，对于 Ta 和 V 样品，当其厚度小于 0.1 mm 时，渗透通量不会发生显着变化。当增加离子入射能量时，观察到三种材料的 D 渗透通量下降。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查表面形态。仅暴露于 D 等离子体的 V 膜显示出表面剥落。