Micellar catalysis has been established for several decades although has recently been gaining attention as a method for enabling greener chemical synthesis. While the main reason underpinning the modern renaissance of micellar catalysis is the ability to perform reactions using water as a solvent, the use of micellar conditions influences reactivity in ways that do not occur in homogeneous solutions, owing to the confinement of reagents within the micelle and their interactions with micellar headgroups. Recently, it has been discovered that ionic liquids, low-melting salts, can form amphiphilic nanostructures with bicontinuous polar and non-polar domains. Here, we review the evidence to date of the influence of ionic liquid nanostructure on reactivity in comparison with the known influence of micellar catalysis to examine the relationship between these approaches to reactivity in structured media. Key benefits and limitations of each approach are highlighted, with areas likely to benefit from the development of a deeper understanding of reactivity in nanostructured ionic liquids identified.

胶束催化已经建立了几十年，尽管最近作为一种实现更绿色化学合成的方法受到了关注。虽然支撑胶束催化现代复兴的主要原因是能够使用水作为溶剂进行反应，但胶束条件的使用会以在均相溶液中不会发生的方式影响反应性，因为胶束内的试剂和它们与胶束头基的相互作用。最近，人们发现离子液体、低熔点盐类可以形成具有双连续极性和非极性域的两亲纳米结构。这里，我们回顾了迄今为止离子液体纳米结构对反应性影响的证据与胶束催化的已知影响相比，以检查这些方法与结构化介质中反应性的关系。强调了每种方法的主要优点和局限性，其中一些领域可能受益于对纳米结构离子液体反应性的更深入理解的发展。