Background: Mental health problems (MHP) in COVID-19 patients and survivors were anticipated already during early stages of this pandemic. We aimed to synthesize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic and general distress of major virus epidemics since 2002. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase from 2002 until April 14, 2021 for peer-reviewed studies reporting prevalence of MHP in adults with laboratory-confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-1, H1N1, MERS-CoV, H7N9, Ebolavirus, or SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included studies that assessed MHP with well-validated and frequently used scales. A three-level random-effects meta-analysis for dependent sizes was conducted to account for multiple outcome reporting. We pooled MHP jointly and separately for mild or moderate-to-severe severity by acute (one month), ongoing (one to three month), and post-illness phase (longer than three months). A meta-regression was conducted to test for moderating effects. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020194535. Findings: We identified 59 studies providing a total of 187 effect sizes. Range for sample size (n=14-n=1002), females (22-79%), and mean age (32-72 years). MHP prevalence was higher for mild (35.5-46.3%) compared to moderate-to-severe MPH (17.3-22.3). MHP, in general, decreased from acute to post-illness from 46.3% to 38.8% and for mild and moderate-to-severe from 22.3% to 18.8%, respectively. We found no evidence of moderating effects except for non-random sampling and H1N1 showing higher proportions. Interpretation: MHP decreased over time but were still on a substantial level at post-illness. This highlights a need for rapid access to mental health care and rehabilitation planning in affected individuals.

中文翻译：

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与 COVID-19 和以前的流行病和大流行病相关的感染者的病毒后心理健康后遗症：流行率估计的系统评价和荟萃分析

背景：在本次大流行的早期阶段就已经预料到了 COVID-19 患者和幸存者的心理健康问题 (MHP)。我们旨在综合自 2002 年以来主要病毒流行的焦虑、抑郁、创伤后和一般痛苦的流行情况。 方法：在这项系统评价和荟萃分析中，我们检索了 2002 年至 2021 年 4 月 14 日期间的 PubMed、PsycINFO 和 Embase用于报告 MHP 在实验室确诊或疑似 SARS-CoV-1、H1N1、MERS-CoV、H7N9、埃博拉病毒或 SARS-CoV-2 感染的成人中流行的同行评审研究。我们纳入了使用经过充分验证且经常使用的量表评估 MHP 的研究。对相关大小进行了三级随机效应荟萃分析，以解释多结果报告。我们针对急性（1 个月）、持续（1 至 3 个月）和病后阶段（超过 3 个月）的轻度或中度至重度严重程度联合和单独汇总 MHP。进行元回归以测试调节效果。PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42020194535。结果：我们确定了 59 项研究，总共提供了 187 个效应量。样本大小 (n=14-n=1002)、女性 (22-79%) 和平均年龄 (32-72 岁) 的范围。与中度至重度 MPH (17.3-22.3) 相比，轻度 (35.5-46.3%) 的 MHP 患病率更高。总体而言，MHP 从急性到病后从 46.3% 下降到 38.8%，从轻度和中度到重度分别从 22.3% 下降到 18.8%。除了非随机抽样和 H1N1 显示出更高的比例外，我们没有发现任何缓和效应的证据。解释：MHP 随着时间的推移而下降，但在患病后仍处于相当高的水平。这突出表明需要让受影响的个人快速获得精神卫生保健和康复计划。