ABSTRACT Background: Women born preterm or with low birthweight (LBW) have an increased future risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy; however, a quantitative summary of evidence is lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether being born preterm, or with LBW or small for gestational age (SGA) are associated with GDM risk. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases and study registries, including ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP, from launch until 29 October 2020 for observational studies examining the association between birth weight or gestational age and GDM were eligible. We pooled the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Results: Eighteen studies were included (N = 827,382). The meta-analysis showed that being born preterm, with LBW or SGA was associated with increased risk of GDM (pooled odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.54 to 2.20; I2 = 78.3%; τ2 = 0.07). Given a GDM prevalence of 2.0%, 10%, and 20%, the absolute risk differences were 1.6%, 7.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. The certainty of evidence was low due to serious concerns of risk of bias and publication bias. Conclusion: Women born prematurely, with LBW or SGA status, may be at increased risk for GDM. However, whether this should be considered in clinical decision-making depends on the prevalence of GDM.

中文翻译：

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出生小或早产妇女的妊娠糖尿病：系统评价和荟萃分析

摘要背景：早产或低出生体重 (LBW) 的妇女在怀孕期间患妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 的风险增加；然而，缺乏证据的定量总结。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查早产、低出生体重或小于胎龄儿 (SGA) 是否与 GDM 风险相关。方法：我们检索了 MEDLINE、Embase 和 CINAHL 数据库和研究注册中心，包括 ClinicalTrials.gov 和 ICTRP，从发布到 2020 年 10 月 29 日，以寻找符合条件的观察性研究，检查出生体重或胎龄与 GDM 之间的关联。我们使用 DerSimonian 和 Laird 随机效应模型合并优势比和 95% 置信区间。结果：纳入了 18 项研究（N = 827,382）。荟萃分析表明，早产，LBW 或 SGA 与 GDM 风险增加相关（合并优势比 = 1.84；95% 置信区间：1.54 至 2.20；I2 = 78.3%；τ2 = 0.07）。鉴于 GDM 患病率为 2.0%、10% 和 20%，绝对风险差异分别为 1.6%、7.0% 和 11.5%。由于严重关注偏倚风险和发表偏倚，证据的质量很低。结论：早产的 LBW 或 SGA 状态的女性患 GDM 的风险可能增加。然而，在临床决策中是否应考虑这一点取决于 GDM 的患病率。由于严重关注偏倚风险和发表偏倚，证据的质量很低。结论：早产的 LBW 或 SGA 状态的女性患 GDM 的风险可能增加。然而，在临床决策中是否应考虑这一点取决于 GDM 的患病率。由于严重关注偏倚风险和发表偏倚，证据的质量很低。结论：早产的 LBW 或 SGA 状态的女性患 GDM 的风险可能增加。然而，在临床决策中是否应考虑这一点取决于 GDM 的患病率。