We investigate the effects of wind–wave interactions on the surface sea-spray-generation flux. To this end, the Marine Aerosol Tunnel Experiment (MATE2019) was conducted at the Pytheas Institute large wave–wind facility in Luminy (Marseille, France) over the period June–July 2019. A unique range of air–sea boundary conditions was generated by configuring the laboratory with four types of wave forcing and five wind speeds spanning 8–20 m s\(^{-1}\). Young and developed waves were included, with wave ages between 1.3 and 9.5 (defined in terms of phase speed and friction velocity). Vertical sea-spray-concentration profiles measured over the 0.1–47.5 \(\upmu \)m radius range and a flux–profile method allowed estimation of the sea-spray-generation flux. Results show that the flux increases for increased wind-induced wave breaking, and is highest for steep and heavily-breaking waves. Scaling analysis shows that the sea-spray generation is best correlated with the wave-slope variance for larger droplets (20 \(\upmu \)m and above, assumed predominantly spume droplets generated by surface tearing). For smaller droplets (7–20 \(\upmu \)m, presumed predominantly jet droplets generated by bubble bursting), the highest correlation is found with a non-dimensional number combining the wave-slope variance with the friction velocity cubed. This is reflected in the formulation of two wave-state-dependent sea-spray-generation functions, each valid for wind speeds 12–20 m s\(^{-1}\) and droplet radii 3–35 \(\upmu \)m, thereby covering jet and spume droplet production.

我们研究了风波相互作用对表面海雾生成通量的影响。为此，2019 年 6 月至 7 月期间，在 Luminy（法国马赛）的 Pytheas 研究所大型波浪风设施进行了海洋气溶胶隧道实验 (MATE2019)。使用四种类型的波浪强迫和跨越 8-20 ms \(^{-1}\) 的五种风速配置实验室。包括年轻和发达的波，波龄在 1.3 和 9.5 之间（根据相速度和摩擦速度定义）。在 0.1–47.5 \(\upmu \) 范围内测量的垂直海喷雾浓度剖面米半径范围和通量剖面方法允许估计海喷雾生成通量。结果表明，随着风致波浪破碎的增加，通量增加，并且对于陡峭和严重破碎的波浪最高。缩放分析表明，海浪生成与较大液滴（20 \(\upmu \) m 及以上，假设主要是由表面撕裂产生的喷射液滴）的波斜方差相关性最好。对于较小的液滴 (7–20 \(\upmu \)m，假定主要是由气泡破裂产生的喷射液滴），发现最高相关性与无量纲数结合了波斜方差与摩擦速度的三次方。这反映在两个依赖于波浪状态的海喷雾生成函数的公式中，每个函数对风速 12-20 ms \(^{-1}\)和液滴半径 3-35 \(\upmu \) m，从而涵盖喷射和喷射液滴的产生。