The paper presents the results of studies on ashes produced from burning wood biomass in closed wood-fired furnaces, in individual household furnaces (Silesian Province, Poland). Dry sieve analysis and detailed granulometric analysis were performed with the Analysette 22 Micro Tec plus analyser. Content of the basic elements (Al, Si, P, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe) and potentially toxic elements (As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Relative enrichment factors (REF_s) were calculated for the elements (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, Hg, and Cr), and the emissions (E) of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As to the environment were estimated. The carbon content (40.2%–45.8%), H (3.7%–6.1%), O (46.2%–50.2%), N (0.12%–0.32%), and S (0.11%–0.96%) in wood biomass varies and depends on the wood species and drying period. The content of volatile parts in wood biomass ranges between 69.3 and 81%. Ash content varies between 2.6 and 18.3%. The wood calorific value ranges from 13.6 MJ/kg to 17.4 MJ/kg. Moisture content in the wood biomass ranges from 13.7% (briquette) to 46.7% (fresh birch). Identification of mineral composition and phases yields a high share of calcite, monetite, fairchildite, and quartz in the examined ashes. The combustion of wood biomass in fireplaces results in increased emissions of Pb and Cd to the atmosphere and may be the cause of introducing pollutants to waters and soils during ash storage.

本文介绍了对在封闭式燃木炉中燃烧木材生物质产生的灰烬的研究结果，这些灰烬在单个家用炉中（波兰西里西亚省）。使用 Analysette 22 Micro Tec plus 分析仪进行干筛分析和详细粒度分析。通过原子吸收光谱法测定基本元素（Al、Si、P、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Fe）和潜在有毒元素（As、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Hg）的含量（ AAS) 和电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS)。相对富集因子 (REF _s) 计算元素（Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、As、Hg 和 Cr），并估算 Pb、Cd、Hg 和 As 对环境的排放量 (E)。木材生物质中的碳含量 (40.2%–45.8%)、H (3.7%–6.1%)、O (46.2%–50.2%)、N (0.12%–0.32%) 和 S (0.11%–0.96%)因木材种类和干燥时间而异。木材生物质中挥发性成分的含量在 69.3% 到 81% 之间。灰分含量在 2.6% 到 18.3% 之间。木材的热值范围从 13.6 MJ/kg 到 17.4 MJ/kg。木材生物质中的水分含量范围从 13.7%（煤球）到 46.7%（新鲜桦木）。矿物成分和相的鉴定在检查的灰烬中产生了高比例的方解石、莫脱石、仙童石和石英。