Antibiotics are widely used in human society and are consequently found in sewage treatment plants. However, information regarding the fate of antibiotics in decentralised sewage treatment plants is limited. Therefore, this study monitored and compared four frequently prescribed antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole) in each stage of four conventional treatment plants (three extended aerations and one conventional activated sludge) and two decentralised treatment plants (two Imhoff tanks) in Johor Bahru district between December 2018 and August 2019. The findings revealed that ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were detected in most wastewater samples, including influent, secondary effluent, final effluent and sewage sludge samples. The antibiotic concentrations in the aqueous and sludge phases ranged from 4.2 to 2690 ng/l and 1.7 to 317.4 ng/g, respectively. Ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole were effectively removed by extended aeration and conventional activated sludge plants (> 75% reduction), erythromycin was effectively removed in IT plants (> 85% reduction) and ciprofloxacin could not be removed effectively by any systems (< 30% reduction). Statistical analysis showed that the approximate relationships between the removal of antibiotics and several wastewater parameters existed. A detailed antibiotic mass flow was conducted in extended aeration and Imhoff tank plants. An estimate of 115.72 g, 202.25 g, 170.55 g and 213.21 g of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole, respectively, were discharged annually. The mass balance analysis indicated that biodegradation was the major route for the removal of all antibiotics studied. Meanwhile, sorption was only responsible for minor removal of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole.

抗生素在人类社会中被广泛使用，因此在污水处理厂中被发现。然而，关于分散式污水处理厂中抗生素归宿的信息是有限的。因此，本研究在柔佛州的四个常规处理厂（三个延长曝气和一个常规活性污泥）和两个分散式处理厂（两个 Imhoff 水箱）的每个阶段监测和比较了四种常用抗生素（氨苄西林、环丙沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑）。 2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 8 月期间的巴鲁区。 调查结果显示，在大多数废水样本中检测到氨苄西林、环丙沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑，包括进水、二级出水、最终出水和污水污泥样本。水相和污泥相中的抗生素浓度范围分别为 4.2 至 2690 ng/l 和 1.7 至 317.4 ng/g。延长曝气和传统活性污泥厂有效去除氨苄青霉素和磺胺甲恶唑（减少> 75％），IT工厂有效去除红霉素（减少> 85％），任何系统都无法有效去除环丙沙星（减少< 30％） . 统计分析表明，抗生素去除率与几个废水参数之间存在近似关系。在扩展曝气和 Imhoff 池设备中进行了详细的抗生素质量流。估计每年排放氨苄青霉素、环丙沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑分别为 115.72 克、202.25 克、170.55 克和 213.21 克。质量平衡分析表明，生物降解是去除所有研究抗生素的主要途径。同时，吸附仅负责少量去除环丙沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑。