Background

The opioid epidemic is an international public health concern. Pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote and implement effective opioid stewardship due to both their central role on health care teams and frequent interaction with patients. Despite this integral role, pharmacists do not have harmonized scopes of practice in opioid stewardship.

Objectives

This scoping review was conducted to identify and critically review the role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship and identify future areas of study.

Methods

The scoping review was conducted according to the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, which was further modified by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Six databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed research; PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid Embase, Ovid International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycInfo.

Results

In 92% of the included studies (n = 77), opioid stewardship interventions led by either a pharmacist or in an interdisciplinary team resulted in improvements in at least one outcome measure, with education and medication therapy adjustments being the most predominant activities. Other areas supported by evidence include community stakeholder education, policy and guideline setting, and risk assessment.

Conclusion

This scoping review provides valuable insight into the various roles pharmacists can have in opioid stewardship. The findings from this review identified opioid stewardship activities that can make significant contributions towards reducing the impact of the opioid crisis. This review informs future research and has the potential to influence pharmacy practice on a national and international scale.

中文翻译：

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药剂师在阿片类药物管理中的作用：范围审查

背景

阿片类药物流行是一个国际公共卫生问题。由于药剂师在医疗保健团队中的核心作用以及与患者的频繁互动，药剂师在促进和实施有效的阿片类药物管理方面处于战略地位。尽管有这个不可或缺的作用，药剂师在阿片类药物管理方面并没有统一的实践范围。

目标

进行范围审查是为了确定和严格审查药剂师在阿片类药物管理中的作用，并确定未来的研究领域。

方法

范围审查是根据 Arksey 和 O'Malley 提出的方法框架进行的，该框架由 Joanna Briggs 研究所进一步修改。搜索了六个数据库以进行原始的同行评审研究；PubMed (MEDLINE)、Ovid Embase、Ovid International Pharmaceutical Abstracts、Scopus、Cochrane Library 和 APA PsycInfo。

结果

在 92% 的纳入研究 (n = 77) 中，由药剂师或跨学科团队领导的阿片类药物管理干预至少改善了一项结果指标，其中教育和药物治疗调整是最主要的活动。其他有证据支持的领域包括社区利益相关者教育、政策和指南制定以及风险评估。

结论

该范围审查为药剂师在阿片类药物管理中可以发挥的各种作用提供了宝贵的见解。本次审查的结果确定了阿片类药物管理活动，这些活动可以为减少阿片类药物危机的影响做出重大贡献。该审查为未来的研究提供了信息，并有可能在国家和国际范围内影响药学实践。