Introduction: Young drivers are the most vulnerable road users and most likely to use a smartphone illegally while driving. Although when compared with drink-driving, attitudes to illegal smartphone risk are nearly identical, smartphone use among young drivers continues to increase. Method: Four in-depth focus groups were conducted with 13 young (18–25 years) drivers to gain insight into their perceptions of the risks associated with the behavior. Our aim was to determine how drivers navigate that risk and if their behavior shapes and informs perceptions of norms. Results: Three key themes emerged: (a) participants perceived illegal smartphone use as commonplace, easy, and benign; (b) self-regulatory behaviors that compensate for risk are pervasive among illegal smartphone users; and (c) risk-compensation strategies rationalize risks and perceived norms, reducing the seriousness of transgression when compared with drink-driving. Young drivers rationalized their own use by comparing their selfregulatory smartphone and driving skills with those of “bad drivers,” not law abiders. Practical Applications: These findings suggest that smartphone behaviors shape attitudes to risk, highlighting the importance for any countermeasure aimed at reducing illegal use to acknowledge how a young person’s continued engagement in illegal smartphone use is justified by the dynamic composition of use, risk assessment and the perceived norms.

简介：年轻司机是最脆弱的道路使用者，最有可能在驾驶时非法使用智能手机。尽管与酒后驾驶相比，对非法智能手机风险的态度几乎相同，但年轻司机使用智能手机的情况仍在继续增加。方法：对 13 名年轻（​​18-25 岁）司机进行了四个深入的焦点小组，以深入了解他们对与行为相关的风险的看法。我们的目标是确定司机如何应对这种风险，以及他们的行为是否塑造并影响了对规范的看法。结果：出现了三个关键主题：(a) 参与者认为非法使用智能手机是司空见惯的、容易的和良性的；(b) 非法智能手机用户普遍存在补偿风险的自律行为；(c) 风险补偿策略使风险和感知规范合理化，与酒后驾驶相比，降低了违规的严重性。年轻司机将自己的智能手机和驾驶技能与“坏司机”而非守法者进行比较，从而使自己的使用合理化。实际应用： 这些调查结果表明，智能手机行为塑造了对风险的态度，强调了任何旨在减少非法使用的对策的重要性，以承认年轻人继续参与非法智能手机使用是如何通过使用、风险评估和感知规范的动态构成来证明的。