Using the field–particle correlation technique, we examine the particle energization in a three-dimensional (one spatial dimension and two velocity dimensions; 1D-2V) continuum Vlasov–Maxwell simulation of a perpendicular magnetized collisionless shock. The combination of the field–particle correlation technique with the high-fidelity representation of the particle distribution function provided by a direct discretization of the Vlasov equation allows us to ascertain the details of the exchange of energy between the electromagnetic fields and the particles in phase space. We identify the velocity-space signatures of shock-drift acceleration of the ions and adiabatic heating of the electrons arising from the perpendicular collisionless shock by constructing a simplified model with the minimum ingredients necessary to produce the observed energization signatures in the self-consistent Vlasov–Maxwell simulation. We are thus able to completely characterize the energy transfer in the perpendicular collisionless shock considered here and provide predictions for the application of the field–particle correlation technique to spacecraft measurements of collisionless shocks.

中文翻译：

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垂直磁化无碰撞冲击的场-粒子相关性分析

使用场-粒子相关技术，我们检查了垂直磁化无碰撞冲击的三维（一个空间维度和两个速度维度；1D-2V）连续体 Vlasov-Maxwell 模拟中的粒子能量。场 - 粒子相关技术与 Vlasov 方程直接离散化提供的粒子分布函数的高保真表示相结合，使我们能够确定电磁场与相空间中粒子之间能量交换的细节. 我们通过构建一个简化模型，该模型具有在自洽 Vlasov-麦克斯韦模拟。因此，我们能够完全表征此处考虑的垂直无碰撞冲击中的能量传递，并为场粒子相关技术在航天器无碰撞冲击测量中的应用提供预测。