Neuroimaging studies have consistently found structural cortical abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia, especially in structural hubs. However, it is unclear what abnormalities predate psychosis onset and whether abnormalities are related to behavioral performance and symptoms associated with psychosis risk. Using surface-based morphometry, we examined cortical volume, gyrification, and thickness in a psychosis risk group at long-term risk for developing a psychotic disorder (n = 18; i.e., extreme positive schizotypy plus interview-rated attenuated psychotic symptoms [APS]) and control group (n = 19). Overall, the psychosis risk group exhibited cortical abnormalities in multiple structural hub regions, with abnormalities associated with poorer probabilistic category learning, a behavioral measure strongly associated with psychosis risk. For instance, the psychosis risk group had hypogyria in a right posterior midcingulate cortical hub and left superior parietal cortical hub, as well as decreased volume in a right pericalcarine hub. Morphometric measures in all of these regions were also associated with poorer probabilistic category learning. In addition to decreased right pericalcarine volume, the psychosis risk group exhibited a number of other structural abnormalities in visual network structural hub regions, consistent with previous evidence of visual perception deficits in psychosis risk. Further, severity of APS hallucinations, delusional ideation, and suspiciousness/persecutory ideas were associated with gyrification abnormalities, with all domains associated with hypogyria of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, current results suggest that structural abnormalities, especially in structural hubs, are present in psychosis risk and are associated both with poor learning on a psychosis risk-related task and with APS severity.

神经影像学研究一直在精神分裂症患者中发现结构性皮质异常，特别是在结构中心。然而，尚不清楚哪些异常发生在精神病发作之前，以及异常是否与行为表现和与精神病风险相关的症状有关。使用基于表面的形态计量学，我们检查了精神病风险组的皮质体积、回旋和厚度，这些组有长期发展为精神病的风险（n  = 18；即极端阳性分裂型加上访谈级的减轻精神病症状 [APS] ) 和对照组 ( n = 19)。总体而言，精神病风险组在多个结构中心区域表现出皮质异常，异常与较差的概率类别学习相关，这是一种与精神病风险密切相关的行为测量。例如，精神病风险组在右后扣带皮层中枢和左上顶叶皮质中枢有脑减退，以及在右侧 pericalcarine 中枢的体积减少。所有这些区域的形态测量也与较差的概率类别学习有关。除了减少右侧 pericalcarine 体积外，精神病风险组在视觉网络结构枢纽区域表现出许多其他结构异常，这与先前的精神病风险视觉感知缺陷的证据一致。此外，APS 幻觉的严重程度，妄想和多疑/被害的想法与脑回异常有关，所有领域都与右侧眶额皮质的脑回减低有关。因此，目前的结果表明，结构异常，特别是在结构中心，存在于精神病风险中，并且与精神病风险相关任务的学习能力差和 APS 严重程度有关。