In “Modern Moral Philosophy,” Anscombe argued that the moral vocabulary does not correspond to any concept in Aristotelian ethics, that it derives from a confused response to the ethics of divine command, and that it is literally meaningless. This essay contends that Anscombe was wrong. Morality corresponds to Aristotle’s general sense of “justice,” which is complete virtue in relation to others. But Anscombe’s question remains: what is it for an action to be morally wrong, not merely something one should not do? The answer is not that wrongness warrants blame or that an action is wrong when it wrongs another person, but that an action is morally wrong when it is something one should not do that one has no right to do. In the absence of rights, Anscombe’s question has no answer.

在《现代道德哲学》中，安斯科姆认为道德词汇与亚里士多德伦理学中的任何概念都不对应，它源于对神圣命令伦理学的混乱反应，并且它在字面上毫无意义。这篇文章认为 Anscombe 是错误的。道德与亚里士多德的一般意义上的“正义”相对应，这是与他人相关的完整美德。但是 Anscombe 的问题仍然存在：一个行为在道德上是错误的，而不仅仅是一个不应该做的事情，这意味着什么？答案不是错误应受到责备，也不是如果某个行为伤害了另一个人就认为该行为是错误的，而是当某个行为不该做而某人无权做时，该行为在道德上是错误的。在没有权利的情况下，Anscombe 的问题没有答案。