This study proposes a novel air spring–friction pendulum system (FPS) three-dimensional isolation bearing composed of an FPS for horizontal isolation and an air spring for vertical isolation. The bearing has low vertical stiffness and a strong deformation capacity, which can effectively isolate long-period ground motions. A theoretical mechanical model of the three-dimensional isolation bearing is established, and mechanical behavior tests are conducted. Results show that the vertical bearing capacity of the three-dimensional isolation bearing increases linearly with the air pressure and as the applied compression increases, and the horizontal stiffness and force increase with an increase in the vertical load. This study then proposes a design method for the air spring-FPS three-dimensional isolation bearing in the large-span spatial structure. The vibration control effect of the large-span steel tubular truss structure with the three-dimensional isolation bearing under long-period ground motions is investigated. Results reveal that the bearing with low vertical stiffness can effectively isolate long-period ground motions. For the truss structure with air spring-FPS three-dimensional isolation bearing, the horizontal and vertical nodal peak accelerations decrease by 41.9%–87.0% and by 23.1%–43.1%, respectively. In addition, the member peak von Mises stress decreases by 9.8%–29.0%, and the displacement response of the bearing is within the working stroke.

本研究提出了一种新型空气弹簧摩擦摆系统 (FPS) 三维隔震支座，由用于水平隔震的 FPS 和用于垂直隔震的空气弹簧组成。支座竖向刚度低，变形能力强，能有效隔离长周期地震动。建立了三维隔震支座的理论力学模型，并进行了力学行为试验。结果表明，三维隔震支座的竖向承载力随气压和外加压力的增加呈线性增加，水平刚度和受力随竖向载荷的增加而增加。本研究随后提出了大跨度空间结构中空气弹簧-FPS 三维隔震支座的设计方法。研究了长周期地震动作用下三维隔震支座大跨度钢管桁架结构的减振效果。结果表明，低垂向刚度支座能有效隔离长周期地震动。对于具有空气弹簧-FPS三维隔震支座的桁架结构，水平和垂直节点峰值加速度分别降低了41.9%~87.0%和23.1%~43.1%。此外，构件峰值von Mises应力降低了9.8%~29.0%，轴承的位移响应在工作行程内。结果表明，低垂向刚度支座能有效隔离长周期地震动。对于具有空气弹簧-FPS三维隔震支座的桁架结构，水平和垂直节点峰值加速度分别降低了41.9%~87.0%和23.1%~43.1%。此外，构件峰值von Mises应力降低了9.8%~29.0%，轴承的位移响应在工作行程内。结果表明，低垂向刚度支座能有效隔离长周期地震动。对于具有空气弹簧-FPS三维隔震支座的桁架结构，水平和垂直节点峰值加速度分别降低了41.9%~87.0%和23.1%~43.1%。此外，构件峰值von Mises应力降低了9.8%~29.0%，轴承的位移响应在工作行程内。