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#workfromhome: how multi-level marketers enact and subvert federal language policy for profit
Language Policy ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09589-x
Sabrina Fluegel 1 , Kendall King 1
Affiliation  

This paper analyzes how multi-level marketing companies (MLMs), via direct selling through electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social media, enact and evade federal language policy to maximize profits. Here we describe the federal language policies that govern this type of e-commerce, and in particular, the language policies of the Federal Trade Commission, which dictate what can and cannot be communicated by MLM companies and their contractors. We then illustrate how these federal language policies are enacted, and at times subverted, for financial gain during the COVID-19 economic and health crisis which rendered many people vulnerable. We draw on the discourse analysis of public documents, MLM insider sources via the first author, and over 100,000 public Instagram posts published by MLM independent contractors collected with the third-party Instagram data extraction tool, Phantombuster. We find that MLM independent contractors, although varying widely with respect to their enactment of federal and corporate policy, frequently reference COVID-19 implicitly or explicitly, a practice prohibited by federal policy. We demonstrate that quantitative and qualitative discourse analysis of language policies and practices of MLM social media provides a productive lens for understanding both the communication challenges of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach reveals the variable ways in which language policies are taken up and discourses recontextualized with new meanings and for new purposes across social media platforms.



中文翻译:

#workfromhome:多层次营销人员如何制定和颠覆联邦语言政策以获取利润

本文分析了多层次营销公司 (MLM) 如何通过电子商务 (e-commerce) 和社交媒体进行直销,制定和规避联邦语言政策以实现利润最大化。在这里,我们描述了管理此类电子商务的联邦语言政策,特别是联邦贸易委员会的语言政策,它规定了传销公司及其承包商可以和不能交流的内容。然后,我们将说明这些联邦语言政策是如何在 COVID-19 经济和健康危机期间为经济利益而制定和有时被颠覆的,这使许多人变得脆弱。我们利用对公开文件的话语分析、来自第一作者的传销内部消息来源,以及 100 多个,000 条由 MLM 独立承包商发布的公开 Instagram 帖子是使用第三方 Instagram 数据提取工具 Phantombuster 收集的。我们发现,传销独立承包商虽然在制定联邦和公司政策方面差异很大,但经常隐式或明确地提及 COVID-19,这是联邦政策禁止的做法。我们证明,对传销社交媒体的语言政策和实践的定量和定性话语分析为理解 COVID-19 大流行的沟通挑战和应对提供了一个富有成效的视角。这种方法揭示了在社交媒体平台上采用语言政策和将话语重新语境化为新含义和新目的的不同方式。我们发现,传销独立承包商虽然在制定联邦和公司政策方面差异很大,但经常隐式或明确地提及 COVID-19,这是联邦政策禁止的做法。我们证明,对传销社交媒体的语言政策和实践的定量和定性话语分析为理解 COVID-19 大流行的沟通挑战和应对提供了一个富有成效的视角。这种方法揭示了在社交媒体平台上采用语言政策和将话语重新语境化为新含义和新目的的不同方式。我们发现,传销独立承包商虽然在制定联邦和公司政策方面差异很大,但经常隐式或明确地提及 COVID-19,这是联邦政策禁止的做法。我们证明,对传销社交媒体的语言政策和实践的定量和定性话语分析为理解 COVID-19 大流行的沟通挑战和应对提供了一个富有成效的视角。这种方法揭示了在社交媒体平台上采用语言政策和将话语重新语境化为新含义和新目的的不同方式。联邦政策禁止的做法。我们证明,对传销社交媒体的语言政策和实践的定量和定性话语分析为理解 COVID-19 大流行的沟通挑战和应对提供了一个富有成效的视角。这种方法揭示了在社交媒体平台上采用语言政策和将话语重新语境化为新含义和新目的的不同方式。联邦政策禁止的做法。我们证明,对传销社交媒体的语言政策和实践的定量和定性话语分析为理解 COVID-19 大流行的沟通挑战和应对提供了一个富有成效的视角。这种方法揭示了在社交媒体平台上采用语言政策和将话语重新语境化为新含义和新目的的不同方式。

更新日期:2021-07-04
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