This article compares the views of Grotius and subsequent authors on the doctrines of necessity and strict liability. This comparison takes place at two levels. On the one hand, there is a comparison of the views of Grotius with those of Pufendorf, Smith, Kant and recent Kantian authors. On the other hand, there is a comparison between the doctrines of necessity and strict liability. This exercise leads to the conclusion that strict liability does not have to be a mere matter of choice opted for by positive law, but in some instances can also be thought of as a requirement of a private law framework expressing the fundamental moral equal freedom of man.

中文翻译：

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Grotius、Pufendorf、Smith、Kant 等的严格责任和必然性

本文比较了格劳秀斯和后来的作者对必要性和严格责任原则的看法。这种比较发生在两个层面。一方面，将格劳秀斯的观点与普芬多夫、斯密、康德和最近的康德作家的观点进行了比较。另一方面，有必要性原则与严格责任原则之间的比较。这一练习得出的结论是，严格责任不一定是实在法选择的单纯选择问题，但在某些情况下也可以被视为表达人的基本道德平等自由的私法框架的要求.