This article discusses financial mechanisms for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Brazil. Five mechanisms were selected for in-depth analysis using the Biofin methodological approach: ecological fiscal transfer, environmental reserve quotas, payments for environmental services, tourism concessions, and forest concessions. They can reduce the current financial gap for biodiversity conservation in the country. Ecological fiscal transfer, payments for environmental services, tourism, and forest concessions can generate approximately US$ 1 billion annually. The potential to generate revenues in environmental reserve quotas markets is big, but uncertainty is also very high, with estimates from US$ 1 to US$ 20 billion up to 2030. Most of these mechanisms aim to involve the private sector in conserving biodiversity and require an active role for the public sector, either through fiscal or regulatory instruments. There is a need to adapt the financial mechanism to the political and institutional context. In Brazil, weak public management capacity, institutional uncertainties, and political opposition to environmental policy are the main challenges for large-scale implementation of these instruments.

本文讨论了巴西保护生物多样性和生态系统服务的财政机制。使用 Biofin 方法学方法选择了五种机制进行深入分析：生态财政转移、环境储备配额、环境服务支付、旅游特许权和森林特许权。它们可以减少该国目前在生物多样性保护方面的资金缺口。生态财政转移、环境服务支付、旅游和森林特许权每年可产生约 10 亿美元。环境储备配额市场产生收入的潜力很大，但不确定性也很高，估计到 2030 年将达到 1 到 200 亿美元。大多数这些机制旨在让私营部门参与保护生物多样性，并要求公共部门通过财政或监管手段发挥积极作用。需要根据政治和体制背景调整财务机制。在巴西，公共管理能力薄弱、制度不确定性以及对环境政策的政治反对是大规模实施这些工具的主要挑战。