We document gender differences in the behavior of similar workers within a firm when they book business air travel. We show that women pay consistently less per ticket than men, after accounting for a large set of covariates that include the characteristics of the traveler, the routes and class they travel on, the firms that employ them, and the position that the traveler holds in the firm. A large proportion of the lower fares paid by women is explained by women booking flights earlier than men. We find significant variation in gender differences across the regions of the world. Using country-level data on preference differences, we show that gender differences in both positive and negative reciprocity are an important factor associated with the documented gender differences. In particular, negative reciprocity alone is able to explain the gender difference in paid fare: women (men) are less (more) willing to trade the firms’ money for their own utility when they feel they have been treated unfairly. The documented gender differences have both important monetary implications for firms and implications for the role of morale within the firm.

中文翻译：

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公司内部的性别差异：来自两百万旅客的证据

我们记录了公司内类似员工在预订商务航空旅行时行为的性别差异。我们表明，在考虑了大量协变量后，女性支付的每张机票费用始终低于男性，这些协变量包括旅行者的特征、他们旅行的路线和等级、雇用他们的公司以及旅行者的职位该公司。女性支付的较低票价的很大一部分原因是女性比男性更早预订航班。我们发现世界各地区的性别差异存在显着差异。使用关于偏好差异的国家级数据，我们表明积极和消极互惠的性别差异是与记录的性别差异相关的重要因素。特别是，仅负互惠就可以解释付费票价的性别差异：当女性（男性）感到受到不公平对待时，她们不太愿意（更多）愿意用公司的钱换取自己的效用。记录在案的性别差异对公司有重要的货币影响，也对公司内部士气的作用有影响。