Portugal was a pioneer in state-led cooperative development. In 1867, the parliament passed legislation encouraging workers to organize their own collective businesses. In the view of the ruling elite, this would prevent the emergence of a class cleavage between labor and capital, contributing to the stability of the liberal economic and political order. Combining the historical method with John Kingdon’s multiple-streams approach to policy formulation, this article examines the complex array of domestic and external factors that shaped this policy intervention. Additionally, the study explores the impact of the policy on the involved stakeholders. Far from fulfilling the expectations of its promoters, the law on cooperatives seems to have only marginally stimulated the growth of the sector. Moreover, the government’s support to cooperatives seems to have undermined the legitimacy of the model in the eyes of a labor movement that was starting to see its interests as opposed to those of the ruling class.

中文翻译：

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合作社作为资本主义冲突阶级之间的缓冲：葡萄牙合作社法的开创性案例

葡萄牙是国家主导的合作发展的先驱。1867 年，议会通过立法鼓励工人组织自己的集体企业。在统治精英看来，这将防止劳资之间出现阶级分裂，有助于自由经济和政治秩序的稳定。本文将历史方法与约翰金顿的多流政策制定方法相结合，考察了影响这一政策干预的一系列复杂的国内外因素。此外，该研究探讨了政策对相关利益相关者的影响。合作社法远未满足其发起人的期望，似乎只是略微刺激了该行业的增长。而且，