A comprehensive study of the operating temperature ($T_{\text{cr}}$) of three nonfullerene (NF) acceptor-based bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs), two conventional (OSC1 and OSC3) and one inverted (OSC2) structure, is presented. A quantitative analysis of the thermal power generated by photon absorption in transport layers and electrodes, thermalization of photoexcited charge carriers, tail-state recombination, and resistive heating is conducted. For all three OSCs, the dependence of operating temperature $T_{\text{cr}}$ on the voltage is simulated and it is found that OSC1 and OSC2 operate at about 320 K and OSC3 at 319 K. It is also found that the thermal power generated due to thermalization (P_T) and absorption in other than the active layer ($P_{\text{Abs}}^{\text{ol}}$) in OSC3 are smaller than those in both OSC1 and OSC2 but the thermal power generated due to the resistive heating (P_R) is larger in OSC3 than in OSC1 and OSC2, leading to the net power absorbed in the active layer of OSC3 being higher than that in OSC1 and OSC2. Thus, although the operating temperature of all three cells remains in the range from 320 to 321 K, OSC3 shows a better photovoltaic performance.

中文翻译：

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基于非富勒烯受体的体异质结有机太阳能电池的工作温度

对工作温度的全面研究（${吨}_{\text{铬}}$) 的三种基于非富勒烯 (NF) 受体的本体异质结有机太阳能电池 (BHJ OSC)、两种常规结构（OSC1 和 OSC3）和一种倒置 (OSC2) 结构。对传输层和电极中的光子吸收、光激发电荷载流子的热化、尾态复合和电阻加热产生的热功率进行了定量分析。对于所有三个 OSC，工作温度的依赖性${吨}_{\text{铬}}$对电压进行模拟，发现 OSC1 和 OSC2 在大约 320 K 下运行，OSC3 在 319 K 下运行。还发现由于热化（P _T）和有源层以外的吸收而产生的热功率（${磷}_{\text{腹肌}}^{\text{奥尔}}$) 在 OSC3 中比在 OSC1 和 OSC2 中都小，但是由于电阻加热 ( P _R )产生的热功率在 OSC3 中比在 OSC1 和 OSC2 中大，导致 OSC3 有源层吸收的净功率更高高于 OSC1 和 OSC2。因此，虽然所有三个电池的工作温度保持在 320 到 321 K 的范围内，但 OSC3 显示出更好的光伏性能。