In this article we introduce our semantic modeling approach for data from over 50 years of excavations at Tell el-Daba in Egypt. The CIDOC CRM with some of its extensions is used as an ontological framework to provide the semantics for creating a knowledge graph containing material remains, excavated areas, and documentation resources. An objective of the project A Puzzle in 4D is to digitize the documentation and create metadata for analog and digital resources in order to provide the data to the research community and facilitate future work for this important archaeological site. Using an example of 3D reconstruction of a tomb, we show how the knowledge graph linked to digital resources can be exploited for a specific task to encounter available information that is essential for a virtual reconstruction. Moreover, we show an approach of modeling to represent the interpretations supporting reconstructions as well as relate them to the sources used, thus providing transparency for the model and provenance data. Modeling for excavation documentation as well as virtual reconstruction has been tailored to the large amount of data processed from the project. The goal is to propose a semantic modeling feasible even on a large scale while still preserving the basic underlying ontological structures.

中文翻译：

---

古埃及遗址挖掘文件和虚拟重建的本体建模

在本文中，我们介绍了我们对埃及 Tell el-Daba 50 多年挖掘数据的语义建模方法。CIDOC CRM 及其一些扩展被用作本体框架，为创建包含材料遗骸、挖掘区域和文档资源的知识图谱提供语义。A Puzzle in 4D 项目的一个目标是将文档数字化并为模拟和数字资源创建元数据，以便为研究界提供数据并促进这一重要考古遗址的未来工作。我们以坟墓的 3D 重建为例，展示了如何利用与数字资源相关联的知识图谱来完成特定任务，以获取对虚拟重建至关重要的可用信息。而且，我们展示了一种建模方法来表示支持重建的解释，并将它们与使用的来源联系起来，从而为模型和出处数据提供透明度。挖掘文档和虚拟重建的建模已根据项目处理的大量数据进行了定制。目标是提出一种即使在大规模上也可行的语义建模，同时仍然保留基本的底层本体结构。