Bifactor models are a promising strategy to parse general from specific aspects of psychopathology in youth. Currently, there are multiple configurations of bifactor models originating from different theoretical and empirical perspectives. Our aim is to identify and test the reliability, validity, measurement invariance, and the correlation of different bifactor models of psychopathology using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We used data from the Reproducible Brain Charts (RBC) initiative (N=7,011, ages 5 to 22 years, 40.2% females). Factor models were tested using the baseline data. To address our aim, we a) mapped the published bifactor models using the CBCL; b) tested their global model fit; c) calculated model-based reliability indices. d) tested associations with symptoms' impact in everyday life; e) tested measurement invariance across many characteristics and f) analyzed the observed factor correlation across the models. We found 11 bifactor models ranging from 39 to 116 items. Their global model fit was broadly similar. Factor determinacy and H index were acceptable for the p-factors, internalizing, externalizing and somatic specific factors in most models. However, only p- and attention factors were predictors of symptoms' impact in all models. Models were broadly invariant across different characteristics. P-factors were highly correlated across models (r = 0.88 to 0.99). Homotypic specific factors were also highly correlated. Regardless of item selection and strategy to compose CBCL bifactor models, results suggest that they all assess very similar constructs. Our results provide support for the robustness of the bifactor of psychopathology and distinct study characteristics.

中文翻译：

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三大洲青年心理病理维度双因素模型的信度和效度

双因子模型是一种很有前景的策略，可以从青年精神病理学的特定方面解析一般情况。目前，有多种来自不同理论和经验视角的双因子模型配置。我们的目标是使用儿童行为检查表 (CBCL) 来识别和测试不同精神病理学双因素模型的可靠性、有效性、测量不变性和相关性。我们使用了来自 Reproducible Brain Charts (RBC) 计划的数据（N=7,011，年龄 5 至 22 岁，40.2% 女性）。使用基线数据测试因子模型。为了实现我们的目标，我们 a) 使用 CBCL 绘制了已发布的双因子模型；b) 测试他们的全局模型拟合；c) 计算出的基于模型的可靠性指标。d) 测试与日常生活中症状影响的关联；e) 测试了许多特征的测量不变性和 f) 分析了模型中观察到的因子相关性。我们发现了 11 个双因子模型，范围从 39 到 116 个项目。他们的全球模型拟合大致相似。在大多数模型中，因子决定性和 H 指数对于 p 因子、内化、外化和体细胞特定因子是可以接受的。然而，在所有模型中，只有 p- 和注意力因素是症状影响的预测因子。模型在不同特征上具有广泛的不变性。P 因子在模型之间高度相关（r = 0.88 到 0.99）。同型特定因素也高度相关。无论项目选择和组成 CBCL 双因子模型的策略如何，结果表明它们都评估了非常相似的结构。