X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is an x-ray astronomical mission led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), with collaboration from the European Space Agency (ESA) and other international participants, that is planned for launch in 2022 (Japanese fiscal year), to quickly restore high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical objects using the microcalorimeter array after the loss of Hitomi satellite. In order to enhance the scientific outputs of the mission, the Science Operations Team (SOT) is structured independently from the Instrument Teams (ITs) and the Mission Operations Team. The responsibilities of the SOT are divided into four categories: (1) guest observer program and data distributions, (2) distribution of analysis software and the calibration database, (3) guest observer support activities, and (4) performance verification and optimization activities. Before constructing the operations concept of the XRISM mission, lessons on the science operations learned from past Japanese x-ray missions (ASCA, Suzaku, and Hitomi) are reviewed, and 15 kinds of lessons are identified by categories, such as lessons on the importance of avoiding non-public (“animal”) tools, coding quality of public tools in terms of the engineering viewpoint and calibration accuracy, tight communications with ITs and operations teams, and well-defined task division between scientists and engineers. Among these lessons, (a) the importance of early preparation of the operations from the ground stage, (b) construction of an independent team for science operations separate from the instrument development, and (c) operations with well-defined duties by appointed members are recognized as key lessons for XRISM. Based on this, (i) the task division between the mission and science operations and (ii) the subgroup structure within the XRISM Team are defined in detail as the XRISM operations concept. Based on this operations concept, the detailed plan of the science operations is designed as follows. The science operations tasks are shared among Japan, the USA, and Europe and are performed by three centers: the Science Operations Center (SOC) at JAXA, the Science Data Center (SDC) at NASA, and European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) at the ESA. The SOT is defined as a combination of the SOC and SDC. The SOC is designed to perform tasks close to the spacecraft operations, such as spacecraft planning of science targets, quick-look health checks, and prepipeline data processing. The SDC covers tasks regarding data calibration processing (pipeline processing) and maintenance of analysis tools. The data-archive and user-support activities are planned to be covered both by the SOC and SDC. Finally, the details of the science operations tasks and the tools for science operations are defined and prepared before launch. This information is expected to be helpful for the construction of science operations of future x-ray missions.

中文翻译：

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XRISM 任务科学操作的详细设计

X 射线成像和光谱任务 (XRISM) 是一项 X 射线天文任务，由日本宇宙航空研究开发机构 (JAXA) 和美国国家航空航天局 (NASA) 牵头，并与欧洲航天局 (ESA) 和其他国际组织合作。计划于 2022 年（日本财政年度）发射的参与者，在 Hitomi 卫星丢失后，使用微量热仪阵列快速恢复天体物理物体的高分辨率 X 射线光谱。为了提高任务的科学产出，科学运营团队 (SOT) 的结构独立于仪器团队 (IT) 和任务运营团队。SOT 的职责分为四类： (1) 客座观察者程序和数据分发，(2) 分发分析软件和校准数据库，(3) 客座观察员支持活动，以及 (4) 性能验证和优化活动。在构建 XRISM 任务的操作概念之前，回顾了过去日本 X 射线任务（ASCA、朱雀和瞳）的科学操作经验教训，并按类别确定了 15 种经验教训，例如重要性经验教训避免使用非公共（“动物”）工具、公共工具在工程观点和校准精度方面的编码质量、与 IT 和运营团队的紧密沟通以及科学家和工程师之间明确定义的任务分工。在这些经验教训中，(a) 从地面阶段尽早准备行动的重要性，(b) 建立独立于仪器开发的独立科学运营团队，以及 (c) 由指定成员明确职责的运营被认为是 XRISM 的关键经验教训。基于此，(i) 任务和科学操作之间的任务划分和 (ii) XRISM 团队内的子组结构被详细定义为 XRISM 操作概念。根据这一作战理念，设计了科学作战的详细计划如下。科学运营任务由日本、美国和欧洲分担，由三个中心执行：JAXA 的科学运营中心 (SOC)、NASA 的科学数据中心 (SDC) 和欧洲空间天文学中心 (ESAC)。欧空局。SOT 被定义为 SOC 和 SDC 的组合。SOC 旨在执行接近航天器操作的任务，例如航天器科学目标规划、快速查看健康检查和管道前数据处理。SDC 涵盖有关数据校准处理（管道处理）和分析工具维护的任务。SOC 和 SDC 都计划涵盖数据存档和用户支持活动。最后，在发射前定义和准备科学操作任务和科学操作工具的细节。预计这些信息将有助于构建未来 X 射线任务的科学操作。SDC 涵盖有关数据校准处理（管道处理）和分析工具维护的任务。SOC 和 SDC 都计划涵盖数据存档和用户支持活动。最后，在发射前定义和准备科学操作任务和科学操作工具的细节。预计这些信息将有助于构建未来 X 射线任务的科学操作。SDC 涵盖有关数据校准处理（管道处理）和分析工具维护的任务。SOC 和 SDC 都计划涵盖数据存档和用户支持活动。最后，在发射前定义和准备科学操作任务和科学操作工具的细节。预计这些信息将有助于构建未来 X 射线任务的科学操作。