Humanitarian logistics encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions or constraints for supply chains, yet its focus on mitigating human suffering efficiently is what has motivated organizations and governments to make rapid decisions in real time. In this article, through the approach to an emergency such as COVID-19, we propose a two-stage model capable of considering human suffering, the cost of humanitarian logistics, and the benefit obtained by the interaction of suppliers that generally behave as oligopolies through a mathematical programming model and one of the cooperative games. Our main finding was the adaptability of a previously validated model for humanitarian logistics to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, where the externalities had greater relevance in social costs than private costs.

中文翻译：

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代理人合作下规划稀缺KN-95口罩供应的两阶段人道主义物流剥夺模型

人道主义物流包括供应链的广泛条件或限制，但其专注于有效减轻人类痛苦是促使组织和政府实时做出快速决策的动力。在本文中，通过应对 COVID-19 等紧急情况的方法，我们提出了一个两阶段模型，该模型能够考虑人类苦难、人道主义物流成本以及通常表现为寡头垄断的供应商之间的互动所获得的利益一个数学规划模型和合作博弈之一。我们的主要发现是先前经过验证的人道主义物流模型对持续的 COVID-19 大流行的适应性，在这种情况下，外部性与社会成本的相关性大于私人成本。