Weak grip strength is a strong predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes and an integral diagnostic component of sarcopenia. However, the limited availability of normative data for certain populations impedes the interpretation of grip performance across adulthood. This study aimed to establish normative data and low grip strength thresholds in a large adult population, and to examine associations between grip strength and clinically relevant health variables. A total of 9431 adults aged between 18 and 92 years participated in this study (mean age: 44.8 ± 13.4 years; 57% females). Grip strength, body composition, and cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness were assessed using hand dynamometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical work capacity tests, respectively. Low grip strength was established according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Normative data and t-scores, stratified by sex and age groups, are presented. Grip performance was associated with lean mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat mass, CR fitness, bone mineral density (BMD), android/gynoid ratio, disease prevalence and physical activity levels (all p < 0.001) after controlling for multiple potential confounders. Individuals with weak grip strength had lower lean mass, SMI, CR fitness (all p < 0.001) and BMD (p = 0.001), and higher disease prevalence (p < 0.001), compared to healthy controls, although sex-specific differences were observed. Grip strength has practical screening utility across a range of health domains. The normative data and grip strength thresholds established in this study can guide the clinical interpretation of grip performance and facilitate timely therapeutic strategies targeting sarcopenia.

握力较弱是多种不良健康结果的强有力预测指标，也是肌肉减少症的一个不可或缺的诊断组成部分。然而，某些人群的规范数据的有限可用性阻碍了对整个成年期握力表现的解释。本研究旨在在大量成年人群中建立规范数据和低握力阈值，并检查握力与临床相关健康变量之间的关联。共有 9431 名 18 至 92 岁的成年人参加了这项研究（平均年龄：44.8 ± 13.4 岁；57% 为女性）。分别使用手测力法、双能 X 射线吸收测定法和体力工作能力测试评估握力、身体成分和心肺 (CR) 健康。低握力是根据欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组的标准确定的。提供了按性别和年龄组分层的规范数据和 t 分数。握力表现与瘦体重、骨骼肌指数 (SMI)、脂肪量、CR 健康、骨矿物质密度 (BMD)、机器人/女性比、疾病患病率和身体活动水平相关（所有p  < 0.001）在控制多个潜在混杂因素后。与健康对照组相比，握力较弱的个体瘦体重、SMI、CR 适应性（均p  < 0.001）和 BMD（p  = 0.001）较低，疾病患病率较高（p  < 0.001），尽管观察到性别特异性差异. 握力在一系列健康领域具有实用的筛查效用。本研究建立的规范数据和握力阈值可以指导对握力性能的临床解释，并促进针对肌肉减少症的及时治疗策略。