Placental and colostral transfer of copper and vitamins A and D from sows to piglets is limited. This study aimed to determine, in commercial conditions, the effect of supplemental provision of copper, vitamins A and D and bovine colostrum (BC) to suckling piglets on their growth performance, antioxidant status and gut microbiota. One group of sows (n = 50) was fed a conventional diet, while another group (n = 52) was fed conventional diet supplemented with vitamin D (25-OH-D3), β-carotene and copper-yeast from one week before parturition to weaning. During lactation, each litter was assigned to the one of the following treatments: (CON) control; (VIT) exposure to UVB lights and administration of oral retinol acetate, 25-OH-D3 and copper-yeast at 2 and 5 days of age; (COLOS) supplementation of BC from 5 to 10 days of age and (CC) VIT+COLOS. Blood samples were collected from one low-weight (LW) and one high-weight (HW) piglet per litter at 21 days of age (weaning). Piglet weights were measured at birth and at 1, 21 and 56 days of age. Fecal microbiome was analyzed at weaning on one LW and one HW piglet per litter. Sow supplementation increased piglet weight at birth and at 1 day of age, decreased the number of LW piglets (<1.1 kg) at 1 day of age, but the effect faded over time. Colostrum supplementation (COLOS, CC) increased piglet weight at 21 and 56 days of age by 230 and 700 g, respectively. Dietary supplements to sows and piglets had no impact on serum retinol (vitamin A indicator), marginal effects on serum copper whereas it increased (P<0.05) serum 25‑hydroxy-calciferol (vitamin D indicator) in piglets at weaning. Concerning antioxidant activities, no clear effect due to treatments to sow or piglets was observed. Analysis of fecal microbiome showed that supplementation to sows and piglets did not have a marked impact on piglet microbiota excepted for BC supplementation to piglets (COLOS, CC) which decreased Enterobacteriaceae whereas supplementation in micronutrients to sow increased Christensenellaceae in piglet's microbiota at weaning. This study reveals that BC can affect microbiota and improve growth performances before and after weaning. Administrations of vitamin D via UVB light exposure and oral supplementation was an efficient way to increase postnatal status of vitamin D in piglets up to weaning while supplementation to sows may improve only piglet weight at birth and modulate microbiota at weaning.

铜和维生素 A 和 D 从母猪到仔猪的胎盘和初乳转移是有限的。本研究旨在确定在商业条件下，补充铜、维生素 A 和 D 以及牛初乳 (BC) 对哺乳仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化状态和肠道微生物群的影响。一组母猪 ( n  = 50) 喂食常规日粮，而另一组 ( n = 52) 从分娩前 1 周到断奶期间，饲喂补充有维生素 D (25-OH-D3)、β-胡萝卜素和铜酵母的常规饮食。在哺乳期间，每窝被分配到以下处理之一：（CON）控制；(VIT) 在 2 日龄和 5 日龄时暴露于 UVB 光和口服醋酸视黄醇、25-OH-D3 和铜酵母；(COLOS) 从 5 到 10 日龄补充 BC 和 (CC) VIT+COLOS。从每窝 21 日龄（断奶）的一头低体重 (LW) 和一头高体重 (HW) 仔猪采集血液样本。在出生时和 1、21 和 56 日龄时测量仔猪体重。在每窝一头 LW 和一头 HW 仔猪断奶时分析粪便微生物组。母猪补充剂增加了出生和 1 日龄的仔猪体重，减少了 1 日龄 LW 仔猪的数量（<1.1 kg），但随着时间的推移效果逐渐减弱。补充初乳（COLOS，CC）使 21 和 56 日龄的仔猪体重分别增加了 230 和 700 克。母猪和仔猪的膳食补充剂对血清视黄醇（维生素 A 指标）没有影响，对血清铜有边际影响，但增加了（P <0.05) 断奶仔猪血清 25-羟基钙化醇（维生素 D 指示剂）。关于抗氧化活性，没有观察到对母猪或仔猪的处理有明显影响。粪便微生物组分析表明，母猪和仔猪的补充对仔猪的微生物群没有显着影响，除了向仔猪（COLOS，CC）补充 BC 会减少肠杆菌科，而在母猪中补充微量营养素会增加克里斯滕森菌科在断奶仔猪的微生物群中。该研究表明，BC 可以影响微生物群并改善断奶前后的生长性能。通过 UVB 光照射和口服补充剂施用维生素 D 是提高仔猪出生后直至断奶时维生素 D 状态的有效方法，而向母猪补充维生素只能提高仔猪出生时的体重并调节断奶时的微生物群。