This study demonstrates a robust, flexible interpenetrated composite based on 3D spined fabrics as core material and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as shell material. The penetration of the shell component into the core material enables the mechanical interlocking at the micro and macro scale, providing mechanical stability and at the same time, introducing hydrophobic surface properties. Pure PDMS is a well-known biofouling-release material, showing drawbacks with respect to mechanical strength and adhesion-to-substrate, which can be overcome by the presented approach. Nowadays, antifouling strategies for aquaculture nets are realized by using biocide-containing coatings to avoid the attachment of organisms or repel them. Up to now, there are no coatings available on the market that provide adequate biofouling protection for aquaculture nets during the whole production cycle of the cultured stock. Even biocidal coatings exhibit a limited efficiency and need to be regularly cleaned, causing a substantial loss of the coating and increased emissions of biocides into seawater. This proof-of-concept study covers the scope from the design and production of the composite up to the first field tests in the Baltic Sea. The presented approach enabled by material science facilitates a fundamentally different approach in biofouling management and contributes to sustainable aquaculture.

该研究展示了一种基于 3D 纺丝织物作为芯材和聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 作为壳材料的坚固、灵活的互穿复合材料。壳组分渗透到核心材料中使微观和宏观尺度上的机械互锁成为可能，提供机械稳定性，同时引入疏水表面特性。纯 PDMS 是一种众所周知的生物污垢释放材料，在机械强度和对基材的附着力方面存在缺陷，这些缺陷可以通过所提出的方法加以克服。如今，水产养殖网的防污策略是通过使用含杀生物剂的涂层来实现的，以避免生物附着或排斥它们。到现在，市场上没有涂料可以在养殖种群的整个生产周期中为水产养殖网提供足够的生物污垢保护。即使是杀菌涂层也表现出有限的效率，需要定期清洁，导致涂层的大量损失和杀生物剂向海水中的排放量增加。这项概念验证研究涵盖了从复合材料的设计和生产到在波罗的海进行的首次现场测试的范围。所提出的由材料科学支持的方法促进了一种完全不同的生物污垢管理方法，并有助于可持续水产养殖。导致涂层的大量损失和杀生物剂向海水中的排放量增加。这项概念验证研究涵盖了从复合材料的设计和生产到在波罗的海进行的首次现场测试的范围。所提出的由材料科学支持的方法促进了一种完全不同的生物污垢管理方法，并有助于可持续水产养殖。导致涂层的大量损失和杀生物剂向海水中的排放量增加。这项概念验证研究涵盖了从复合材料的设计和生产到在波罗的海进行的首次现场测试的范围。所提出的由材料科学支持的方法促进了一种完全不同的生物污垢管理方法，并有助于可持续水产养殖。