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Stimulus and response conflict from a second language: Stroop interference in weakly-bilingual and recently-trained languages
Acta Psychologica ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103360
Iva Šaban 1 , James R Schmidt 1
Affiliation  

The aim of the present manuscript was to investigate the source of congruency effects in weak bilinguals (Experiment 1) and in early language learning (Experiment 2). In both studies, participants performed a bilingual version of a colour-word Stroop task. The standard finding is slower and less accurate responding when the word and colour are incongruent (e.g., “red” in blue) relative to congruent (e.g., “red” in red). This congruency effect occurs for the distracting colour words from both the first and second language. Both stimulus conflict (i.e., conflict between the meaning of the word and ink colour) and response conflict (i.e., conflict between possible response options) contribute to first-language congruency effects. According to some models of early language learning, only one of these two types of conflict should emerge for non-fluent languages. To separate stimulus and response conflict, we used a 2-to-1 keypress assignment manipulation. Interestingly, in one study both stimulus and response conflict were evidenced for the weakly spoken second language (English in native French speakers). In a second study, participants performed a short Croatian colour word learning phase before the Stroop procedure. Stimulus conflict was observed in response times and response conflict in errors for this recently-trained language. These findings suggest that the relatively low-proficient second language words are potent enough to affect semantic identification and response selection.



中文翻译:

来自第二语言的刺激和反应冲突:Stroop 对弱双语和新近训练语言的干扰

本手稿的目的是调查弱双语者(实验 1)和早期语言学习(实验 2)中一致性效应的来源。在这两项研究中,参与者都执行了彩色单词 Stroop 任务的双语版本。当单词和颜色不一致(例如,蓝色中的“红色”)与一致(例如,红色中的“红色”)不一致时,标准发现的响应速度较慢且不太准确。这种一致性效应发生在来自第一语言和第二语言的分散注意力的颜色词上。刺激冲突(即单词含义和墨水颜色之间的冲突)和反应冲突(即可能的反应选项之间的冲突)都会导致第一语言一致性效应。根据早期语言学习的一些模型,对于非流利的语言,应该只出现这两种类型的冲突中的一种。为了分离刺激和响应冲突,我们使用了 2 对 1 按键分配操作。有趣的是,在一项研究中,弱口语第二语言(法语母语为英语)的刺激和反应冲突都得到了证明。在第二项研究中,参与者在 Stroop 程序之前进行了简短的克罗地亚语颜色词学习阶段。对于这种最近训练的语言,在响应时间和错误响应冲突中观察到刺激冲突。这些发现表明,相对低熟练度的第二语言单词足以影响语义识别和响应选择。在一项研究中,刺激和反应冲突都被证明是口语较弱的第二语言(法语母语者为英语)。在第二项研究中,参与者在 Stroop 程序之前进行了简短的克罗地亚语颜色词学习阶段。对于这种最近训练的语言,在响应时间和错误响应冲突中观察到刺激冲突。这些发现表明,相对低熟练度的第二语言单词足以影响语义识别和响应选择。在一项研究中,刺激和反应冲突都被证明是口语较弱的第二语言(法语母语者为英语)。在第二项研究中,参与者在 Stroop 程序之前进行了简短的克罗地亚语颜色词学习阶段。对于这种最近训练的语言,在响应时间和错误响应冲突中观察到刺激冲突。这些发现表明,相对低熟练度的第二语言单词足以影响语义识别和响应选择。对于这种最近训练的语言,在响应时间和错误响应冲突中观察到刺激冲突。这些发现表明,相对低熟练度的第二语言单词足以影响语义识别和响应选择。对于这种最近训练的语言,在响应时间和错误响应冲突中观察到刺激冲突。这些发现表明,相对低熟练度的第二语言单词足以影响语义识别和响应选择。

更新日期:2021-07-02
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