Challenges in social cognition and communication are core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but in some domains, individuals with ASD may display typical abilities and even outperform their neurotypical counterparts. These enhanced abilities are notable in the domains of reasoning, judgment and decision-making, in which individuals with ASD often show ‘enhanced rationality’ by exhibiting more rational and bias-free decision-making than do neurotypical individuals. We review evidence for enhanced rationality in ASD, how it relates to theoretical frameworks of information processing in ASD, its implications for basic research about human irrationality, and what it may mean for the ASD community.

社会认知和沟通方面的挑战是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的核心特征，但在某些领域，ASD 患者可能会表现出典型的能力，甚至表现优于神经典型的同类。这些增强的能力在推理、判断和决策领域是显着的，在这些领域中，ASD 个体通常表现出比神经典型个体更理性和无偏见的决策，从而表现出“增强的理性”。我们回顾了 ASD 中增强理性的证据，它与 ASD 中信息处理的理论框架的关系，它对人类非理性基础研究的影响，以及它对 ASD 社区的意义。