Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg²⁺) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn’t get much attention in account with its functions, making it a “Forgotten cation”. Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg²⁺ is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg²⁺ as a drug. The roles of Mg²⁺ such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg²⁺ are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence.

镁 (Mg ²⁺ ) 是细胞内第二丰富的阳离子，参与各种酶促反应；通过调节重要的生物功能。镁 (Mg ²⁺ ) 可以调节多种阳离子，包括钠、钾和钙；因此，它维持生理功能，如脉冲传导、血压、心律和肌肉收缩。但是，由于其功能，它并没有受到太多关注，成为“被遗忘的阳离子”。与其他阳离子一样，维持 Mg ²⁺的正常生理水平很重要。Mg 2+的缺乏与多种疾病有关，这表明Mg ²⁺作为药物的重要性。Mg ^2+的作用天然钙拮抗剂、谷氨酸 NMDA 受体阻滞剂、血管扩张剂、抗氧化剂和抗炎剂等对其治疗有益。目前临床上有多种Mg ²⁺盐类，但其应用范围有限。这篇综述整理了镁作为一种药物在不同疾病条件下的行为背后的所有可能机制和临床证据。