The world is facing substantial challenges related to population growth and the derived pressure on environment, energy, and other natural resources. Cities contribute to these problems due to the ever-increasing urbanization. As a solution, smart cities are managed and optimized across traditional boundaries and through the exchange of information between physical objects, citizens, and stakeholders. However, there are barriers in the development of smart cities that should be overcome in order to meet these challenges through smart cities. The main barriers identified in this work are poor private-public participation, utilization of fossil fuels, lack of attention to the environment, insufficient internet technology (IT) infrastructure, and old technology throughout the cities. To overcome these barriers, policies must be implemented to improve private-public participation by encouraging public investments and a wider adoption of electrical vehicles that may act as storage device and provide ancillary services to the electricity grid; reduce the use of private cars; strengthen IT infrastructure, deployment of smart technology to allow residents to monitor and control their energy consumption, installation of roof-top solar panels, and better mobility and efficient public services supported by smart technologies such as IoT (Internet of Things) and information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance the interconnection among smart city systems.

世界正面临着与人口增长以及由此产生的环境、能源和其他自然资源压力相关的重大挑战。由于不断增长的城市化进程，城市加剧了这些问题。作为一种解决方案，智慧城市可以跨越传统边界并通过物理对象、公民和利益相关者之间的信息交换进行管理和优化。然而，为了通过智慧城市应对这些挑战，智慧城市的发展存在一些障碍需要克服。这项工作中发现的主要障碍是公私参与不足、化石燃料的利用、对环境的关注不足、互联网技术 (IT) 基础设施不足以及整个城市的技术陈旧。为了克服这些障碍，必须实施政策，通过鼓励公共投资和更广泛地采用可充当存储设备并为电网提供辅助服务的电动汽车来改善公私参与；减少私家车的使用；加强 IT 基础设施，部署智能技术，让居民能够监测和控制他们的能源消耗，安装屋顶太阳能电池板，以及由 IoT（物联网）和信息通信等智能技术支持的更好的移动性和高效的公共服务技术（ICT），以加强智慧城市系统之间的互连。减少私家车的使用；加强 IT 基础设施，部署智能技术，让居民能够监测和控制他们的能源消耗，安装屋顶太阳能电池板，以及由 IoT（物联网）和信息通信等智能技术支持的更好的移动性和高效的公共服务技术（ICT），以加强智慧城市系统之间的互连。减少私家车的使用；加强 IT 基础设施，部署智能技术，让居民能够监控和控制他们的能源消耗，安装屋顶太阳能电池板，以及由 IoT（物联网）和信息通信等智能技术支持的更好的移动性和高效的公共服务技术（ICT），以加强智慧城市系统之间的互连。