Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can develop impulse control disorders (ICDs) while undergoing a pharmacological treatment for motor control dysfunctions with a dopamine agonist (DA). Conventional clinical interviews or questionnaires can be biased and may not accurately diagnose at the early stage. A wearable electroencephalogram (EEG)-sensing headset paired with an examination procedure can be a potential user-friendly method to explore ICD-related signatures that can detect its early signs and progression by reflecting brain activity. A stereotypical Go/NoGo test that targets impulse inhibition was performed on 59 individuals, including healthy controls, patients with PD, and patients with PD diagnosed by ICDs. We conducted two Go/NoGo sessions before and after the DA-pharmacological treatment for the PD and ICD groups. A low-cost LEGO-like EEG headset was used to record concurrent EEG signals. Then, we used the event-related potential (ERP) analytical framework to explore ICD-related EEG abnormalities after DA treatment. After the DA treatment, only the ICD-diagnosed PD patients made more behavioral errors and tended to exhibit the deterioration for the NoGo N2 and P3 peak amplitudes at fronto-central electrodes in contrast to the HC and PD groups. Particularly, the extent of the diminished NoGo-N2 amplitude was prone to be modulated by the ICD scores at Fz with marginal statistical significance (r = − 0.34, p = 0.07). The low-cost LEGO-like EEG headset successfully captured ERP waveforms and objectively assessed ICD in patients with PD undergoing DA treatment. This objective neuro-evidence could provide complementary information to conventional clinical scales used to diagnose ICD adverse effects.

中文翻译：

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使用低成本的乐高式脑电图耳机客观评估帕金森病患者的冲动控制障碍：可行性研究

帕金森病 (PD) 患者在接受多巴胺激动剂 (DA) 的运动控制功能障碍药物治疗时可能会出现冲动控制障碍 (ICD)。传统的临床访谈或问卷调查可能存在偏差，可能无法在早期准确诊断。与检查程序配对的可穿戴脑电图 (EEG) 传感耳机可以成为探索 ICD 相关特征的潜在用户友好方法，可以通过反映大脑活动来检测其早期迹象和进展。对 59 名个体进行了以脉冲抑制为目标的刻板 Go/NoGo 测试，包括健康对照、PD 患者和 ICD 诊断的 PD 患者。我们在 PD 和 ICD 组的 DA 药物治疗前后进行了两次 Go/NoGo 会议。使用低成本的乐高式 EEG 耳机来记录并发 EEG 信号。然后，我们使用事件相关电位 (ERP) 分析框架来探索 DA 治疗后与 ICD 相关的脑电图异常。在 DA 治疗后，与 HC 和 PD 组相比，只有 ICD 诊断的 PD 患者出现了更多的行为错误，并且在额中央电极处的 NoGo N2 和 P3 峰值幅度趋于恶化。特别是，减小的 NoGo-N2 幅度的程度容易受到 Fz 处 ICD 分数的调制，具有边际统计显着性（r = - 0.34，p = 0.07）。低成本的乐高式 EEG 耳机成功捕获了 ERP 波形，并客观评估了接受 DA 治疗的 PD 患者的 ICD。