This paper revisits the determinants of emigration from the United Kingdom to the United States, Canada and Australia/New Zealand from 1870 to 1913. In the absence of restrictive immigration policies, the flow of emigration to these destinations responded to economic shocks and trends. Emigrants to Australia and New Zealand were more skilled on average than those heading across the Atlantic, a feature that does not correspond well with skill differentials in the manner predicted by the Roy model. While assisted passages (subsidised fares) increased the volume of emigration to Australia and New Zealand they cannot account for its higher skill content.

中文翻译：

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从英国移民到美国、加拿大和澳大利亚/新西兰，1870-1913 年：数量和质量

本文重新审视了 1870 年至 1913 年从英国移民到美国、加拿大和澳大利亚/新西兰的决定因素。在没有限制性移民政策的情况下，向这些目的地的移民潮对经济冲击和趋势做出了反应。平均而言，前往澳大利亚和新西兰的移民比前往大西洋的移民拥有更高的技能，这一特征与 Roy 模型预测的技能差异并不相符。虽然辅助通道（补贴票价）增加了移民到澳大利亚和新西兰的数量，但它们无法解释其更高的技能含量。