In the latest wave of globalization, the share of global wine production crossing national borders has trebled since the mid-1980s, to more than 40%. Prior to then, wine was confined mostly to southern Europe with very little trade outside Europe. Why was wine globalization so belated? Why did it take so long for wine exports to take off even in the New World regions of European settlement? This article addresses these questions and also seeks to explain the bilateral patterns of wine trade. It concludes by speculating briefly on how wine markets might develop in the foreseeable future.

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葡萄酒迟来的全球化，1845-2025

在最新一波全球化浪潮中，跨国葡萄酒生产的全球份额自 1980 年代中期以来增长了两倍，达到 40% 以上。在此之前，葡萄酒主要局限于南欧，欧洲以外的贸易很少。为什么葡萄酒全球化这么晚？为什么即使在欧洲定居的新世界地区，葡萄酒出口也需要这么长时间才能起飞？本文解决了这些问题，并试图解释葡萄酒贸易的双边模式。最后简要推测葡萄酒市场在可预见的未来会如何发展。