Flavonoids are a group of phenolic secondary metabolites in plants that have important physiological, ecological and economic value. In this study, using the desert plant Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. as the sample material, the content and components of the total flavonoids in its seeds at seven different developmental stages were determined. In addition, the genes involved in flavonoid metabolism were identified by full-length transcriptome sequencing (third-generation sequencing technology based on PacBio RS II). Their expression levels were analysed by RNA-seq short reading sequencing, to reveal the patterns and regulation mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation during seed development. The key results were as follows: the content of total flavonoids in mature seeds was 15.05 mg g−1, including five subclasses: flavonols, chalcones, flavones, flavanones and proanthocyanidins, among which flavonols accounted for 45.78%. The period of rapid accumulation of flavonoids was 40–70 d following anthesis. The high expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) and UDP-glucose:flavonoids 3-o-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids, while the high expression of flavonoids 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonols synthase (FLS) made flavanols the main component. Transcription factors such as the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex and Selenium-binding protein (SBP) directly regulated the structural genes of flavonoid metabolism, while C2H2-type zinc finger (C2H2), Zinc-finger transcription factor (GATA), Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB), Global Transcription factor Group E protein (GTE), Trihelix DNA-binding factors (Trihelix) and Phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) indirectly promoted the synthesis of flavonoids through hormones such as brassinoidsteroids (BRs) and abscisic acid (ABA). These results provided valuable resources for the application of related genes in genetics and breeding.

中文翻译：

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青蒿种子形成过程中黄酮类化合物表达和代谢物含量模式的研究。

黄酮类化合物是植物体内的一组酚类次生代谢产物，具有重要的生理、生态和经济价值。在本研究中，利用沙漠植物圆头蒿克拉施。作为样品材料，测定了其7个不同发育阶段种子中总黄酮的含量和成分。此外，通过全长转录组测序（基于PacBio RS II的第三代测序技术）鉴定了参与黄酮代谢的基因。通过 RNA-seq 短读测序分析它们的表达水平，以揭示种子发育过程中类黄酮积累的模式和调控机制。主要结果如下：成熟种子中总黄酮含量为15.05 mg·g-1，包括黄酮醇、查耳酮、黄酮、黄烷酮和原花青素五个亚类，其中黄酮醇类占45.78%。黄酮类化合物的快速积累期为开花后 40-70 d。的高表达苯丙氨酸解氨酶(朋友),4-香豆酸-CoA连接酶(4CL） 和UDP-葡萄糖：类黄酮 3-o-葡萄糖基转移酶(UF3GT) 促进总黄酮的积累，同时高表达黄酮类化合物 3'-羟化酶(F3'H)和黄酮醇合酶(FLS) 使黄烷醇成为主要成分。转录因子如MYB-bHLH-WDR(MBW)复杂的和硒结合蛋白(收缩压) 直接调节黄酮代谢的结构基因，而C2H2型锌指(C2H2),锌指转录因子(加塔),脱水反应元件结合(DREB),全球转录因子 E 组蛋白(GTE),Trihelix DNA 结合因子(三螺旋） 和光敏色素相互作用因子(PIF) 通过油菜素类固醇 (BRs) 和脱落酸 (ABA) 等激素间接促进类黄酮的合成。这些结果为相关基因在遗传学和育种中的应用提供了宝贵的资源。