Microorganisms live in the human digestive system and the gut microbiome constitutes part of our prime determining component for healthy aging and wellness. Gut microbiota has broad influences on its host, beginning from the digestion of food and nutrients absorption to protective roles against invading pathogens and host immune system regulation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial composition has been linked to numerous diseases and there is a need to have a better grasp on what makes a ‘good’ gut microbiome. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model organism is considered as a well-suited in-vivo model system and, is at the frontline of probiotic research because of its well-defined characteristics and prolific nature. Most importantly, C. elegans feeds on bacteria, which speeds up manipulations and investigations in probiotics research tremendously. With its unique salient features of short lifespan, and ease of propagation, different unknown probiotics biological roles can be measured at an organism level with precision in the form of worm’s stress responses, survivability, and lifespan. In this review, new insights on the different mechanisms underlying the establishment of probiotics regulations of conserved signalling pathways such as p38 MAPK/SKN-1, DAF-2/DAF-16, and JNK-1/DAF-16 is highlighted based on information obtained from C. elegans studies. Along with the current state of knowledge and the uniqueness of C. elegans as a model organism, explorations of its future contribution and scope in synthetic biology and probiotics engineering strains are also addressed. This is expected to strengthen our understanding of probiotics roles and to facilitate novel discovery and applications, for specific therapeutics against age-related disorders and various pathophysiological conditions.

微生物生活在人体消化系统中，肠道微生物组构成了我们健康老龄化和健康的主要决定因素的一部分。肠道微生物群对其宿主有广泛的影响，从食物的消化和营养吸收到抵御入侵病原体的保护作用和宿主免疫系统调节。肠道微生物组成的失调与许多疾病有关，因此有必要更好地了解是什么造就了“良好”的肠道微生物组。秀丽隐杆 线虫 ( C.  elegans ) 模型生物被认为是一种非常适合 的体内 模型系统，并且由于其明确的特征和多产性而处于益生菌研究的前沿。最重要的是， C.  elegans 以细菌为食，这极大地加快了益生菌研究中的操作和调查。凭借其寿命短和易于繁殖的独特显着特征，可以在生物体水平上以蠕虫的应激反应、生存能力和寿命的形式精确测量不同的未知益生菌生物学作用。在这篇综述中，基于信息强调了建立保守信号通路（如 p38 MAPK/SKN-1、DAF-2/DAF-16 和 JNK-1/DAF-16）益生菌调控的不同机制的新见解从线虫研究中获得。随着知识的现状和秀丽隐杆线虫的独特性作为模式生物，还探讨了其在合成生物学和益生菌工程菌株方面的未来贡献和范围。预计这将加强我们对益生菌作用的理解，并促进新的发现和应用，用于针对与年龄相关的疾病和各种病理生理状况的特定疗法。