Novelty detection is a primitive subcomponent of cognitive control that is deficient in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with cognitive dysfunction. Here, we studied novelty-response mechanisms in PD. In participants with PD, we recorded from cortical circuits with scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG) and from subcortical circuits using intraoperative neurophysiology during surgeries for implantation of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes. We report three major results. First, novel auditory stimuli triggered midfrontal low-frequency rhythms; of these, 1-4 Hz "delta" rhythms were linked to novelty-associated slowing whereas 4-7 Hz "theta" rhythms were specifically attenuated in PD. Second, 32% of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons were response-modulated; nearly all (94%) of these were also modulated by novel stimuli. Third, response-modulated STN neurons were coherent with midfrontal 1-4 Hz activity. These findings link scalp-based measurements of neural activity with neuronal activity in the STN. Our results provide insight into midfrontal cognitive control mechanisms and how purported hyperdirect fronto-basal ganglia circuits evaluate new information.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病中新奇诱导的额叶 STN 网络

新奇检测是认知控制的一个原始子组成部分，在患有认知功能障碍的帕金森病 (PD) 患者中是有缺陷的。在这里，我们研究了 PD 的新颖性反应机制。在患有 PD 的参与者中，我们使用基于头皮的脑电图 (EEG) 从皮层回路和在植入深部脑刺激 (DBS) 电极的手术期间使用术中神经生理学从皮层下回路进行记录。我们报告了三个主要结果。首先，新的听觉刺激触发了额中低频节律；其中，1-4 Hz“delta”节律与新奇相关的减慢有关，而 4-7 Hz“theta”节律在 PD 中特别减弱。其次，32% 的丘脑底核 (STN) 神经元受到响应调节；几乎所有 (94%) 这些也受到新刺激的调节。第三，响应调制的 STN 神经元与中额叶 1-4 Hz 活动一致。这些发现将基于头皮的神经活动测量与 STN 中的神经元活动联系起来。我们的结果提供了对中额认知控制机制以及所谓的超直接额基底神经节回路如何评估新信息的见解。