Gender equality is one of the primary dimensions of responsible research and innovation. Based on bibliometric and survey data of nanotechnology researchers in Canada, this paper analyzes the reward system of science in terms of gender and gender-related institutional cultures. This study reveals that the scientific culture of nanotechnology was perceived as more masculine by women than by men. The findings show that gender productivity gaps remain a challenge in the field and that these gaps are reinforced by the fact that the most productive researchers are less likely to collaborate with women. The results also show the amount of extra effort that women must devote to their research to retain their top status in academia, and the extent that their recognition when in top positions is fragile compared to men. This study confirms the cumulative advantage of creating a gender-inclusive culture that enables women to improve their scientific productivity and impact: such cultures tend to privilege first-author publications over patenting and thus prioritize a type of output where women have had more success. Finally, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving the number of women in research and the institutions where they work.

性别平等是负责任的研究和创新的主要方面之一。本文基于加拿大纳米技术研究人员的文献计量和调查数据，从性别和与性别相关的制度文化方面分析了科学的奖励制度。这项研究表明，女性认为纳米技术的科学文化比男性更具阳刚之气。研究结果表明，性别生产力差距仍然是该领域的一个挑战，而且这些差距因生产力最高的研究人员不太可能与女性合作而得到加强。结果还表明，女性必须付出额外的努力才能保持其在学术界的最高地位，以及与男性相比，她们在担任最高职位时的认可程度是脆弱的。这项研究证实了创造一种能够让女性提高其科学生产力和影响力的性别包容文化的累积优势：这种文化倾向于优先考虑第一作者的出版物而不是专利，因此优先考虑女性取得更大成功的产出类型。最后，本文最后提出了提高研究中女性人数及其工作机构的政策建议。