This work is aimed at creating the theoretical basis for the method allowing one to layer-by-layer reconstruct the parameters which characterize the processes occurring in small regions of living cells. The problem of the speckle dynamics in the object-image plane, which is caused by random variations in the optical paths of the waves in various layers inside the cell, is theoretically solved for a model of the cell in the form of a thin phase object located near the phase screen. On the assumption that the random variations in the difference Δu of the optical paths of the wave pairs are independent in these layers, expressions for the time-averaged radiation intensity Ĩ at an arbitrary point of the image plane and for the time autocorrelation function η(t₁, t₂) of this intensity are obtained. The formulas relating the parameters which characterize the occurring processes (the cell functions) to the quantities Ĩ and η are obtained. In the formula for Ĩ, such parameters are the average value and variance of the quantity Δu, which are obtained by averaging over the time and the region whose sizes are equal to the linear resolution of the lens and the layer thickness. The average values and variances of the quantity Δu at the time instants t₁ and t₂, as well as the time autocorrelation function η(t₁, t₂) of the quantity Δu, which are additionally averaged over the ensemble of objects, are the functional parameters of the regions in the formula for η(t₁, t₂). It is theoretically shown that the above-mentioned parameters, which are obtained by averaging over the cell thickness, are sums of the similar parameters in the cell layers. The correspondence of the formula for η(t₁, t₂) to the physical processes occurring in the cells is shown using living cells, which are located on a glass substrate after defrosting. Assuming that four processes, which independently change the wave phases, are observed in the cells, a very good agreement between the theory and experiment is obtained.

这项工作旨在为该方法创造理论基础，允许人们逐层重建表征发生在活细胞小区域中的过程的参数。对于薄相物体形式的细胞模型，理论上解决了由细胞内各层中波的光路随机变化引起的物像平面中散斑动力学问题位于相位屏附近。假设这些层中波对的光路差 Δ u的随机变化是独立的，则图像平面任意点处的时间平均辐射强度Ĩ和时间自相关函数η 的表达式(获得该强度的t ₁、t ₂ )。获得了将表征发生过程（单元函数）的参数与量Ĩ和η相关联的公式。在Ĩ的公式中，这些参数是量 Δ u的平均值和方差，它们是通过对时间和大小等于透镜线性分辨率和层厚的区域求平均值而得到的。量 Δ u在时刻t ₁和t ₂的平均值和方差，以及时间自相关函数η（吨₁，吨₂量Δ的）ü，这是在对象的合奏另外平均，是式中的区域的用于功能参数η（吨₁，吨₂）。理论上表明，上述参数是在单元厚度上平均得到的，是单元层中相似参数的总和。η ( t ₁ , t _{2 )}公式的对应关系) 使用活细胞显示细胞中发生的物理过程，活细胞在解冻后位于玻璃基板上。假设在细胞中观察到四个独立改变波相位的过程，理论和实验之间得到了很好的一致性。