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Farmed salmonids drive the abundance, ecology and evolution of parasitic salmon lice in Norway
Aquaculture Environment Interactions ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.3354/aei00402
T Dempster , K Overton , S Bui , LH Stien , F Oppedal , Ø Karlsen , A Coates , BL Phillips , LT Barrett

ABSTRACT: Sea cage fish farming is typically open to the environment, with disease transmission possible between farmed and wild hosts. In salmonid aquaculture, salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestations cause production losses, reduce welfare for farmed fish and increase infestation rates for wild fish populations. The high density of hosts in farms likely also shifts the coevolutionary arms race between host and parasite, with ecological and evolutionary consequences for the salmon louse. Using farm-reported salmon and louse abundances and publicly reported estimates of wild salmonid host abundances and the salmon lice they carry, we estimated (1) the relative abundance of farmed and wild salmonid hosts and (2) the relative importance of each for the abundance of salmon lice for the coastal zone of Norway from 1998 to 2017. Farmed hosts increased in importance over time with the expansion of the industry. From 2013 to 2017, farmed salmonids outnumbered wild salmonids by 267-281:1. By 2017, farmed salmonids accounted for 99.6% of available hosts and produced 99.1% of adult female salmon lice and 97.6% of mated (ovigerous) adult female salmon lice in Norwegian coastal waters. The persistent dominance of farmed hosts has clear implications: (1) management decisions that aim to limit lice abundance can be guided by lice data from farms alone, as lice on wild salmonids make a trivial contribution to the national lice population; and (2) strategies to prevent or treat lice infestations are vulnerable to the evolution of resistance, as the pool of wild hosts is inconsequential and will not act as a refuge large enough to stem the evolution of resistance. As the Norwegian salmon industry expands and salmon lice infestations continue, farmed salmon will drive the ecology and evolution of salmon lice.

中文翻译:

养殖鲑鱼推动了挪威寄生鲑鱼虱的数量、生态和进化

摘要:海水网箱养鱼通常对环境开放,可能在养殖宿主和野生宿主之间传播疾病。在鲑鱼养殖中,鲑鱼虱Lepeophtheirus salanis侵染导致生产损失,降低养殖鱼类的福利并增加野生鱼类种群的侵染率。农场中宿主的高密度也可能改变宿主和寄生虫之间的共同进化军备竞赛,对鲑鱼虱子产生生态和进化后果。使用农场报告的鲑鱼和虱子丰度以及公开报告的野生鲑鱼宿主丰度及其携带的鲑鱼虱子的估计值,我们估计了 (1) 养殖和野生鲑鱼宿主的相对丰度和 (2) 每种对丰度的相对重要性1998 年至 2017 年挪威沿海地区鲑鱼虱的数量。随着该行业的扩张,养殖寄主的重要性随着时间的推移而增加。从 2013 年到 2017 年,养殖鲑鱼的数量与野生鲑鱼的数量之比为 267-281:1。到 2017 年,养殖鲑鱼占 99 种。6% 的可用宿主并在挪威沿海水域生产了 99.1% 的成年雌性鲑鱼虱和 97.6% 的交配(产卵)成年雌性鲑鱼虱。养殖宿主的持续主导地位具有明显的意义:(1)旨在限制虱子数量的管理决策可以仅以养殖场的虱子数据为指导,因为野生鲑鱼上的虱子对全国虱子种群的贡献微不足道;(2) 预防或治疗虱子侵扰的策略很容易受到耐药性进化的影响,因为野生宿主库是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止耐药性的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。挪威沿海水域中 6% 的交配(产卵)成年雌性鲑鱼虱。养殖宿主的持续主导地位具有明显的意义:(1)旨在限制虱子数量的管理决策可以仅以养殖场的虱子数据为指导,因为野生鲑鱼上的虱子对全国虱子种群的贡献微不足道;(2) 预防或治疗虱子侵扰的策略很容易受到耐药性进化的影响,因为野生宿主库是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止耐药性的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。挪威沿海水域中 6% 的交配(产卵)成年雌性鲑鱼虱。养殖宿主的持续主导地位具有明显的意义:(1)旨在限制虱子数量的管理决策可以仅以养殖场的虱子数据为指导,因为野生鲑鱼上的虱子对全国虱子种群的贡献微不足道;(2) 预防或治疗虱子侵扰的策略很容易受到耐药性进化的影响,因为野生宿主库是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止耐药性的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。(1) 旨在限制虱子数量的管理决策可以仅以养殖场的虱子数据为指导,因为野生鲑鱼上的虱子对全国虱子种群的贡献微不足道;(2) 预防或治疗虱子侵扰的策略很容易受到耐药性进化的影响,因为野生宿主库是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止耐药性的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。(1) 旨在限制虱子数量的管理决策可以仅以养殖场的虱子数据为指导,因为野生鲑鱼上的虱子对全国虱子种群的贡献微不足道;(2) 预防或治疗虱子侵扰的策略很容易受到耐药性进化的影响,因为野生宿主库是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止耐药性的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。因为野生宿主池是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止抵抗力的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。因为野生宿主池是无关紧要的,不会作为足够大的避难所来阻止抵抗力的进化。随着挪威鲑鱼产业的发展和鲑鱼虱侵扰的继续,养殖鲑鱼将推动鲑鱼虱的生态和进化。
更新日期:2021-07-01
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