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Selection Experiments in the Sea: What Can Experimental Evolution Tell Us About How Marine Life Will Respond to Climate Change?
The Biological Bulletin ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1086/715109
Morgan W. Kelly , Joanna S. Griffiths

Rapid evolution may provide a buffer against extinction risk for some species threatened by climate change; however, the capacity to evolve rapidly enough to keep pace with changing environments is unknown for most taxa. The ecosystem-level consequences of climate adaptation are likely to be the largest in marine ecosystems, where short-lived phytoplankton with large effective population sizes make up the bulk of primary production. However, there are substantial challenges to predicting climate-driven evolution in marine systems, including multiple simultaneous axes of change and considerable heterogeneity in rates of change, as well as the biphasic life cycles of many marine metazoans, which expose different life stages to disparate sources of selection. A critical tool for addressing these challenges is experimental evolution, where populations of organisms are directly exposed to controlled sources of selection to test evolutionary responses. We review the use of experimental evolution to test the capacity to adapt to climate change stressors in marine species. The application of experimental evolution in this context has grown dramatically in the past decade, shedding light on the capacity for evolution, associated trade-offs, and the genetic architecture of stress-tolerance traits. Our goal is to highlight the utility of this approach for investigating potential responses to climate change and point a way forward for future studies.

中文翻译:

海洋中的选择实验:关于海洋生物如何应对气候变化,实验进化能告诉我们什么?

快速进化可能为某些受气候变化威胁的物种提供抵御灭绝风险的缓冲;然而,对于大多数分类群来说,快速进化以跟上不断变化的环境的能力是未知的。气候适应对生态系统层面的影响可能是海洋生态系统中最大的,在海洋生态系统中,具有大量有效种群的短寿命浮游植物构成了初级生产的大部分。然而,预测海洋系统中气候驱动的进化存在巨大挑战,包括多个同时发生的变化轴和变化率的相当大的异质性,以及许多海洋后生动物的双相生命周期,这将不同的生命阶段暴露于不同的来源的选择。应对这些挑战的一个关键工具是实验进化,生物种群直接暴露于受控选择源以测试进化反应。我们回顾了使用实验进化来测试海洋物种适应气候变化压力源的能力。在过去的十年中,实验进化在这方面的应用急剧增长,揭示了进化能力、相关的权衡和压力耐受性状的遗传结构。我们的目标是强调这种方法在调查对气候变化的潜在反应方面的实用性,并为未来的研究指明前进的方向。在过去的十年中,实验进化在这方面的应用急剧增长,揭示了进化能力、相关的权衡和压力耐受性状的遗传结构。我们的目标是强调这种方法在调查对气候变化的潜在反应方面的实用性,并为未来的研究指明前进的方向。在过去的十年中,实验进化在这方面的应用急剧增长,揭示了进化能力、相关的权衡和压力耐受性状的遗传结构。我们的目标是强调这种方法在调查对气候变化的潜在反应方面的实用性,并为未来的研究指明前进的方向。
更新日期:2021-07-01
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