Several adolescent health behaviours have been hypothesized to improve academic performance via their beneficial impact on cognitive control and functional aspects of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between lifestyle behaviours and academic performance in a sample of adolescents, and to examine the extent to which activity within the PFC and behavioural indices of inhibition may mediate this relationship. Sixty-seven adolescents underwent two study sessions five days apart. Sleep and physical activity were measured using wrist-mounted accelerometry; eating habits, substance use and academic achievement were measured by self-report. Prefrontal function was quantified by Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) performance, and task-related activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Higher levels of physical activity predicted higher MSIT accuracy scores (β = .321, ρ = 0.019) as well as greater activation within the right dlPFC (b = .008, SE = .004, ρ = .0322). Frequency of fast-food consumption and substance use were negatively associated with MSIT accuracy scores (β = −0.307, ρ = .023) and Math grades (b = −3.702, SE = 1.563, ρ = .022), respectively. Overall, the results of this study highlight the importance of lifestyle behaviours as predictors of prefrontal function and academic achievement in youth.

已经假设几种青少年健康行为通过对认知控制和前额叶皮层 (PFC) 的功能方面的有益影响来提高学业成绩。本研究的主要目的是检查青少年样本中生活方式行为与学业成绩之间的关联，并检查 PFC 内的活动和抑制行为指数可能介导这种关系的程度。67 名青少年进行了两次相隔五天的学习课程。睡眠和体力活动使用腕戴式加速度计进行测量；饮食习惯、物质使用和学业成绩通过自我报告来衡量。前额叶功能由多源干扰任务 (MSIT) 性能量化，通过功能性近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 进行与任务相关的活动。更高水平的身体活动预测更高的 MSIT 准确度得分（β = .321, ρ = 0.019) 以及右侧 dlPFC 内更大的激活 ( b = .008 , SE = .004, ρ = .0322)。快餐消费和物质使用的频率分别与 MSIT 准确度分数 ( β = -0.307, ρ = .023 ) 和数学成绩 ( b = -3.702, SE = 1.563, ρ = .022)呈负相关。总的来说，这项研究的结果强调了生活方式行为作为预测青年前额叶功能和学业成就的重要性。