During the transition from home to childcare, 70 15-month-old infants were videotaped, and their negative emotions were rated. Infants’ attachments to mothers were assessed prior to child care entry and to care providers five months later using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Infant heart rate was monitored at home, during adaptation to childcare (mothers present), and during subsequent separations. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was computed from the beat-to-beat measures of heart rate to reflect vagal tone, which is reduced during chronic states of stress, and was collected upon Arrival, during in-group Play, and when in the Group more generally. All infants responded to childcare entry with low RSA levels indicating stress. However, during adaptation with the mother present, RSA was higher for securely attached infants. On the first separation day, 35.3% of the infants fussed and cried extensively. These intense protests predicted later secure attachments to care providers, which adaptively helped to reduce stress, especially in infants who protested extensively, as if summoning their mothers back. Because extensive protest suggests limited regulatory capacities, infants risk overburdening the stress system when left unsupported.

中文翻译：

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幼儿进入托儿所时的压力反应和抗议行为以及护理提供者的作用

在从家庭到托儿所的过渡期间，对 70 名 15 个月大的婴儿进行了录像，并对他们的负面情绪进行了评级。婴儿对母亲的依恋在进入托儿所之前进行评估，并在五个月后使用奇怪情况程序（SSP）评估了护理提供者。在家中、适应儿童保育期间（母亲在场）和随后的分离期间监测婴儿心率。呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 是根据心率的逐搏测量值计算出来的，以反映迷走神经张力，在慢性压力状态下会降低，并在到达时、在小组内玩耍时以及在小组中时收集更普遍。所有婴儿都对进入托儿所作出反应，RSA 水平低，表明有压力。然而，在母亲在场的适应过程中，安全依恋婴儿的 RSA 较高。在第一个分离日，35.3%的婴儿大惊小怪，大哭。这些激烈的抗议预示着后来会牢固地依附于护理提供者，这有助于减轻压力，尤其是在广泛抗议的婴儿中，就好像在召唤他们的母亲一样。因为广泛的抗议表明监管能力有限，婴儿在没有支持的情况下可能会使压力系统负担过重。