Acute exercise elicits benefits to cognition and mood. The consistency and accumulation of benefits across exercise sessions remains unclear. This exploratory study evaluated the reproducibility and accumulation of changes in cognitive control and mood across multiple exercise sessions. Thirty young healthy adults (18–35 years) were recruited to exercise (N = 14; age: 21.71 [SD = 1.64]; 57% female) or control (N = 16; age: 22.25 [SD = 3.68]; 56% female) groups. Participants attended six sessions over 2 weeks (EX = 20-min mod-intensity cycling; CO = 20-min reading). Cognitive control was assessed using a Flanker task (accuracy-adjusted response time, RT_LISAS) pre-/post-intervention. Mood was reported 5×/day on exercise and non-exercise days (pre, post, 11:30 am, 3 pm, and 8 pm) using the Bond–Lader VAS. Cognitive control and mood improved acutely (within session) following exercise compared with control (F(1, 592) = 6.11, p = .0137; F(1, 305.93) = 38.68, p < .0001; F(1, 307.06) = 13.69, p = .0003) and were consistent across sessions. Cognitive control also improved across sessions in both groups (F(5, 282.22) = 11.06, p < .0001). These results suggest that: (1) acute effects of exercise on cognition and mood are consistent across multiple sessions; (2) the Flanker task learning effects continue over many trials/sessions; and (3) accumulated mood effects require further investigation. Future studies should further explore the connection between acute exercise exposures and accumulated cognitive benefits.

中文翻译：

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重复锻炼期间认知控制和情绪的变化

剧烈运动对认知和情绪有好处。锻炼过程中益处的一致性和累积仍不清楚。这项探索性研究评估了多次锻炼期间认知控制和情绪变化的可重复性和累积性。招募了 30 名年轻健康成年人（18-35 岁）进行锻炼（N  = 14；年龄：21.71 [ SD  = 1.64]；57% 女性）或对照组（N  = 16；年龄：22.25 [ SD  = 3.68]；56%女性）团体。参与者在 2 周内参加了 6 次会议（EX = 20 分钟的模式强度循环；CO = 20 分钟的阅读）。使用 Flanker 任务（准确度调整的响应时间，RT _LISAS) 干预前/干预后。使用 Bond-Lader VAS 报告运动和非运动日（前、后、上午 11 点 30 分、下午 3 点和晚上 8 点）的情绪 5 次/天。与对照组相比，运动后认知控制和情绪显着改善（在训练期间）（F (1, 592) = 6.11, p  = .0137；F (1, 305.93) = 38.68, p  < .0001；F (1, 307.06) = 13.69，p  = .0003）并且在各个会话中保持一致。两组的认知控制也有所改善 ( F (5, 282.22) = 11.06, p < .0001)。这些结果表明：（1）运动对认知和情绪的急性影响在多个会话中是一致的；(2) 侧卫任务学习效果在许多试验/会话中持续；(3) 累积的情绪效应需要进一步研究。未来的研究应进一步探索急性运动暴露与累积认知益处之间的联系。