Ophelimus eucalypti and Ophelimus maskelli are gall wasps that are considered as a threat to the large Eucalyptus commercial plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. However, they are partially suppressed by parasitoids including Closterocerus chamaeleon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity and daily survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults when receiving or not receiving food sources and also when reared in four different vial types under two environments (one environmentally controlled and another ambient), in a laboratory in Riau, Sumatra. The rearing test of C. chamaeleon as a biocontrol agent would be used for augmentative releases. We also evaluated the duration of the stages and the complete lifespan (egg → larva → pupa → adult) of O. eucalypti in a greenhouse in Porsea, North Sumatra, Indonesia, where this species is aggressive. With few exceptions, the longevity and survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults was similar between the two conditions. The longevity and survival of C. chamaeleon were much greater than those of its gall wasp hosts, and of O. eucalypti greater than that of O. maskelli. Overall, these parameters were greater for gall wasps and the parasitoid reared in the larger vial types. The food source provided to O. maskelli adults did not however benefit the longevity of this gall wasp in the best tube type. The lifespan of O. eucalypti (mean ± SD of the mean) was 44 ± 6 days in a greenhouse. The much greater longevity and survival rate of C. chamaeleon than those of its hosts are facts that trigger the success of this insect as a gall wasp parasitoid. The higher longevity and survival of O. eucalypti compared to O. maskelli contribute to the higher threat status of O. eucalypti to Eucalyptus.

中文翻译：

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寄生蜂 Closterocerus chamaeleon 的发育和存活率高于其宿主，即印度尼西亚苏门答腊的 Eucalyptus gall wasps Ophelimus eucalypti 和 Ophelimus maskelli

Ophelimus eucalypti和Ophelimus maskelli是被认为对印度尼西亚苏门答腊的大型桉树商业种植园构成威胁的瘿蜂。然而，它们被包括Closterocerus chamaeleon在内的寄生物部分抑制。这项研究的目的是评估的寿命和日常成活率O.桉树，O. maskelli和C.蜓座接收时，或不接受食物来源，也是两种环境下的四种不同类型的小瓶饲养时（一个环境控制的成年人和另一个环境），在苏门答腊廖内的一个实验室。变色龙的饲养试验作为生物防治剂将用于增效释放。我们还在印度尼西亚北苏门答腊 Porsea 的温室中评估了桉树的各个阶段的持续时间和完整的寿命（卵→幼虫→蛹→成虫），该物种在那里具有攻击性。除了少数例外，O. eucalypti、O. maskelli和C. chamaeleon成虫的寿命和存活率在两种情况下相似。C. chamaeleon的寿命和存活率远高于它的瘿蜂宿主，O. eucalypti的寿命和存活率高于O. maskelli. 总体而言，这些参数对于瘿蜂和在较大瓶型中饲养的寄生蜂而言更大。然而，提供给O. maskelli成虫的食物来源并没有使这种胆黄蜂在最佳管型中的寿命延长。O.桉树的寿命（平均值±平均值的 SD）在温室中为44±6天。C. chamaeleon 的寿命和存活率比其宿主长得多，这是触发这种昆虫成功成为胆蜂寄生蜂的事实。与O. maskelli相比，O . eucalypti 的寿命和存活率更高，这导致O. eucalypti对桉树的威胁状态更高。