Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between vaccine attitudes and cognitive biases, often resulting in vaccination hesitancy, the exact contribution of rationality has not been fully clarified. We tested two hypotheses regarding the impact of rationality on vaccine attitudes stemming from bounded and expressive rationality. We focused on parental vaccine attitudes operationalized by the affective, behavioral, and cognitive attitude components and investigated how these are influenced by disillusionment toward authorities and ability to engage in rational thinking operationalized using cognitive reflection and heuristics and biases tasks. The study was of a cross-sectional correlational design with a non-probabilistic sample of 823 volunteer participants surveyed online in April and May 2018 in Croatia. The results identified disillusionment toward authorities as a predictor of all components. Furthermore, performance on heuristics and biases tasks also predicted the affective and cognitive, but not the behavioral component, whereas cognitive reflection had no impact on vaccine attitudes. Next, a moderation effect of disillusionment toward authorities on the association between the omission bias task and all attitude components was identified. Parents with low disillusionment demonstrated positive vaccine attitudes regardless of their rationality, whereas for parents with high disillusionment a significant positive correlation between performance on the omission bias task as assessed with a vaccination vignette and attitudes was identified. This suggests that the ability to resist vaccine specific omission bias, that is, higher rationality, can decrease the negative effects of disillusionment, which supports the bounded rationality hypothesis.

中文翻译：

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理性对疫苗态度的贡献：检验两个假设

尽管先前的研究已经证明疫苗态度和认知偏差之间存在关联，经常导致疫苗接种犹豫不决，但理性的确切贡献尚未完全阐明。我们测试了两个关于理性对疫苗态度影响的假设，这些假设源于有限理性和表达理性。我们专注于由情感、行为和认知态度组成部分实施的父母疫苗态度，并研究了这些态度如何受到对权威的幻灭以及使用认知反思、启发式和偏见任务实施的理性思维能力的影响。该研究采用横断面相关设计，对 2018 年 4 月和 2018 年 5 月在克罗地亚在线调查的 823 名志愿者参与者的非概率样本进行了调查。结果表明，对权威的幻想破灭是所有因素的预测因素。此外，启发式和偏见任务的表现也预测了情感和认知，但不预测行为成分，而认知反射对疫苗态度没有影响。接下来，确定了对权威的幻灭对遗漏偏差任务与所有态度成分之间的关​​联的调节作用。无论他们的理性如何，幻想破灭程度低的父母都表现出积极的疫苗态度，而幻想破灭程度高的父母则确定了用疫苗接种小插曲评估的遗漏偏差任务的表现与态度之间存在显着的正相关。这表明抵抗疫苗特异性遗漏偏差的能力，即更高的合理性，