To improve soil health and to aid in climate change mitigation, the quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) should be maintained or increased over the long run. In doing so, not only the total quantity of SOC but also the stability of SOC must be considered. Stability of SOC increases as a function of resistance to microbial decomposition or microbial substrate use efficiency through chemical, biological, and physical mechanisms including humification, hydrophobic moieties, molecular diversity, and formation of macroaggregates. One of the mechanisms that enhance stability confers changes in the distribution of C functional groups of SOM. To better understand and quantify how these changes are influenced by agricultural management practices, we collected 670 pairwise data from the body of literature that has evaluated changes in the distribution of C functional groups of SOM measured by solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The types of agricultural managements discussed herein include (1) fertilization, (2) tillage, (3) crop rotation, (4) grazing, and (5) liming practices. Our meta-analyses show that these practices modify the distribution of C functional groups of SOM. Fertilization practices were associated with increased O-alkyl groups. Tillage resulted in increases in the SOC consisted of aromatic and carbonyl groups. Crop rotations, especially legume-based rotations, were found to increase the proportion of aromatic groups. Although there are fewer publications on tillage and crop rotation than on fertilization practices, the distribution of C functional groups may be more influenced by crop rotation and tillage practices than fertilization management—and should be a focus of future research.

为了改善土壤健康并帮助减缓气候变化，土壤有机质 (SOM) 的数量应长期保持或增加。这样做不仅要考虑 SOC 的总量，还要考虑 SOC 的稳定性。通过化学、生物和物理机制（包括腐殖化、疏水部分、分子多样性和大聚集体的形成），SOC 的稳定性随着对微生物分解的抗性或微生物底物利用效率的增加而增加。增强稳定性的机制之一是改变 SOM 的 C 官能团的分布。为了更好地理解和量化这些变化如何受到农业管理实践的影响，¹³ C 核磁共振光谱。本文讨论的农业管理类型包括 (1) 施肥、(2) 耕作、(3) 轮作、(4) 放牧和 (5) 施石灰。我们的荟萃分析表明，这些做法改变了 SOM 的 C 官能团的分布。施肥实践与增加的O-烷基有关。耕作导致由芳香族和羰基组成的 SOC 增加。发现作物轮作，尤其是豆科作物轮作，增加了芳香族的比例。尽管关于耕作和轮作的出版物少于施肥实践的出版物，但 C 官能团的分布可能更多地受轮作和耕作实践的影响而不是施肥管理——这应该是未来研究的重点。